How can we know, if at all, that our behavior is ethical? Essay

As human beings, how do we recognize that our actions towards ourselves, our surroundings, and to others around us are ethical? For instance, a student is caught cheating on a test in school. Why is this pupil punished for what they have done, and how do they know their actions were right or wrong? Ethics, as described by Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, is the â€Å"science of human duty; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics.† This means that ethics are what we, as humans consider right or wrong and are formed by the morals that each of us individually believe and abide by. We can find human ethics in the judicial law system, religion, and in our everyday society throughout the entire world population. Individuals in a civilized group follow judicial laws. These laws outline what we can and cannot do. Our leaders have created these laws parallel to the daily changes that humans experience in society. When these changes occur, they conclusively affect humans, resulting in new changes in the judicial law system as well. In such a case, many years ago it was thought that child labour was ethical because children were seen just as miniature adults who could accomplish the same workload as a grown man or woman. Today we realize that this is not the case, and view child labour as being unethical. As a result, laws have been made in order to protect children from being immersed in our labour force. We know through science of the mind and body, that child labour directly effects the psychological development of children. Children are not fully physiologically developed to work as hard nor for as long as grown adults can. In response to the increase in our knowledge of such resembling situations, judicial laws are also changed to follow the development of human ethics. When judicial laws and ethics are not followed, punishments serve to teach the prosecuted what is ethical and what is not. If you break a law such as killing another person, you will be tried and jailed on the lawful account of murder. T he majority of the punished will hopefully realize that what they have done is unethical, and that it should definitely not be done again. Humanitarian laws have been created as a practical (and peaceful) guide to daily living. Therefore, punishments are given to individuals who do not wish to abide by these guidelines in an attempt to change the way that they have acted in their past. In faith and religion, there are many different ethical laws that have been set since the beginning of the respective organization. These laws vary between religions and countries. In the Christian religion there are the Ten Commandments, which followers try to live by. These commandments set by God are the ethics on which the Christians should live. Humans decide which religion they wish to believe in, and in by doing so, they decide what ethics and actions are correct for them to follow. Though many of these ethics have been set a long time ago, we can still decide what we wish to follow, and what we wish to rule out. In the Islam faith, followers find ethics by what is written in the Quarn. Christians find their religious ethics through the Bibles. Such scriptures serve as religious guidelines, outlining how to morally live and act in certain situations. There are many different religions in the world, yet each and every one of them offer specific guidelines of morals and human ethics to teach the rights from the wrongs. If these ethics and behaviors are not followed, the individual will be punished. If you commit an action that goes so strongly against the ethical laws and behaviors set by your religion, results of punishment could be that; your family or religious group may shun you, or in an even worse case, you could be jailed for certain periods of time. The results are all determined by specific factors such as the specific religion, the country, and crime committed. There are many serious prices to pay for breaking the moral laws of human and religious ethics. Within society, there are unspoken and unwritten rules, that we see as ethical, by which every citizen and human being should abide. Along with these rules, we find moral obligation of considerations of what is right and wrong and this determines how people act. Such ethical laws are changed overtime because of the influence that certain individual’s actions have on society. In some cases, these actions can change our ethics making the formerly wrong actions eventually accepted by society. An example of this is how women’s fashion has changed over the last century. Seventy years ago it was unacceptable for women to show any skin above their ankles while wearing a dress. Today in Canada, we are able to se females who wear skirts and shorts without a second thought, making this action fully accepted by their surrounding society. Because of instances such as this, people follow society and views what it accepts as ethical. What may be ethical and acceptable in one part of the world may not be acceptable in another. This is judged on what the majority of the people do, and on what their religious and cultural beliefs are. In most professions, such as medicine and dentistry, there is a code of conduct, which practitioners must follow. This code of conduct is built on what society accepts as being ethical in that certain field. Humans must be mentally aware of society’s unwritten rules. These rules should come easily to all mentally stable humans, for they are based on the way individuals are raised and the morals that result from proper parental nourishment. Not following the ethics and behaving in a manner which society deems wrong can punish an individual through public or social groups. In professions where there is a code of conduct and it is broken, you could be finned or suspended from that profession. As well, your family and friends could lose your trust or respect and your image and reputation could be damaged. In the world around us there are three major parts of ethics; judicial law, religion, and the mass of moral, unwritten in our surrounding society. In each, ethical laws determine whether individual actions and behaviors are right or wrong, and outline certain punishments for breaking the ‘rules’. These punishments are given according to the severity of the crime, and religious and social, religious, and cultural belies. We base our ethics on the norms around us and how others and we ourselves act. Therefore we, as individuals, are in fact the ones who decide what actions and behaviors are ethical, morally determining our own providence.

Online Advertising And The Internet - 2471 Words

The internet has made everything simple especially in business. The world has changed to become a global village where all people can access. They do that to check on what is new in the market or the current trends. Marketers and advertisers have seen an opportunity in the fact that people are always on the internet. They market their products on the internet by posting them on different websites for people to be able to see them. That type of advertising that takes place on the internet is referred to as online marketing or online advertising or internet advertising. It included email marketing, social media marketing, display advertising, search engine marketing (SEM), and mobile advertising. This type of marketing involves a publisher who posts the advertisement, with the permission of the owner of the website to post an advert for the viewers of the website to see. It occurs at a certain fee. Marketers have mastered the most commonly used websites, like the social media websites where they post their advertisement for the millions of people in social media to see them. They usually appear in the screen making it inevitable for a person to view it (Webb, 2007). Online advertisements have been made possible with the help of online advertising agencies. These are agencies that have specialized in online marketing. They know the product to place on a certain website because not all advertisements will go in every website. Each website will have advertisements that areShow MoreRelatedWhy Are Print Advertising Obsolete? Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is print advertising obsolete? Nowadays, people get so many different types of advertisement such as a print advertisement, TV, and the Internet from companies. A few examples of print advertising are newspapers, magazines, or the Yellow Pages. Print advertising used to be the best choice for advertising products because it helps customers understand the products clearly and then they share it to others. However , with the development of Internet, print advertising has not had a massive impactRead MoreRelated Local and Foreign Literature and study1400 Words   |  6 PagesStar dated August 7, 2012 by Louella D. Desiderio entitled â€Å"Businesses urged to use Internet to push products†. It shows that businesses are advised to use the Internet for promoting their products and services as more consumers are going online to research before making purchases. Companies should consider using online advertisements for the products and services they offer as more and more people are using the Internet to research goods they plan to buy before making the purchase. It also states thatRead MoreOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pages Online Advertising Methods Background Every day, marketing professional come up with new ways in which they can market their products to consumers successfully. Marketing of products has significantly changed following the invention of the internet. The enormous popularity of the internet in the past decade has opened doors for marketers in a manner that one could not have imagined twenty years ago. Marketers utilize the internet for the purpose of advertising products in a great way than otherRead MoreEssay on Advertising for Online Businesses1478 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising for Online Businesses The internet is a huge business and its constant and significant growth attracts more and more businesses to be online. In 2004, online sales reached $117 billion (www.comscore.com with more than 812 million internet users (www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm). All these internet users are potential customers and it is essential to exploit such an opportunity. However promotion is crucial, not only to increase traffic. A basic Read MorePrivacy Issues Under Targeting Advertising1209 Words   |  5 PagesUnder Targeted Advertising Advertising has always been an important part of our society. The history of advertising can be traced to pre-modern history when it served an important purpose by allowing sellers to effectively compete with other merchants for the attention of clients in Ancient Egypt. From 1704 when the first newspaper advertisement was announced, it gradually grows into a major force in American society based primarily on newspapers and magazines (Ad Age Advertising Century, 1999)Read MoreImpact Of Marketing On Internet + Era Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketing ways in Internet + era, the discussion of tourism promotion strategies on social network and the innovation form of Internet + tourism, in the end, it is conclusion. About the first part, it will introduce the characteristics of the Internet + times, the rise of social networks, as well as the impact of both on the new means of marketing. The internet + times have three characteristics: First, it is cross-border integration. (é »â€žÃ¦ ¥Å¡Ã¦â€" °et al.,2015:6),they believe that internet +plan’ s externalRead MoreThe Advantages Of Online Advertising1312 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Advantages of Online Advertisement Better Targeting Targeting campaigns to a specific audience utilizing zip code, city, age or demographics ensures campaigns only reach highly qualified recipients. (Heindl, 2008) Achieve Specific Campaign Goals Online advertising enable advertisers to achieve specific campaign goals more strategically than traditional media. Advertisers can weigh creative by best performing, limit daily impressions through frequency caps and have better reach control byRead MoreE Marketing vs Traditional Marketing in the Middle East1427 Words   |  6 Pagesforms on internet based media. There was never clear method, to clearly identify the future expectations of the internet marketing. E-marketing has grown rapidly in the past decade, many companies have This paper will discuss the growth of e-marketing in the Middle East in contrast to traditional marketing. E-marketing is a relatively new form of marketing (also referred to as online advertising), includes mass email advertising, banners on websites, banners on searching engines, advertising duringRead MoreBrief Literature Review on Online Advetising884 Words   |  4 PagesOnline advertising Peter J. Danaher and Guy W. Mullarkey have published their research article entitled â€Å"Factors Affecting Online Advertising Recall : A Study of Students†. In this research article we examine factors that might impact on web advertising recall and recognition. These factors include the viewing mode, duration of page viewing, and web page context factors, including text and page background complexity and the style of the banner advertisement. Via an experimental design Peter JRead MoreInternet Marketing Relevance and Consumer Attitudes toward Internet Advertising1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscusses internet marketing relevance and investigates antecedents of consumer attitudes toward Internet Advertisement. The analysis is based on a consumer survey conducted in India as well as other countries. For this purpose, a representative quota sample of Internet users in India has been interviewed. The finding of this study provides marketers with an understanding of consumers, th eir attitude toward advertising, so designers and marketers can better strategize their advertising designs. Internet

Feminism; the Awakening - 868 Words

The Emergence of Feminism In the 19th century women were supposed live by concept of Republican Motherhood. Republican Motherhood is the idea that American women had a few main roles, to stay in their homes, to train their children to be good American citizens and to follow the demands of their husbands. This reinforced the idea of that a domestic womens life should be separate from the public world of men. Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women. Feminism in 1900s pursued many freedoms that were considered scandalous before the turn of the century, and still today many believe woman should hold the classic stay at home mother role. When†¦show more content†¦Ednas relationships with Robert and Alcee show the reader of Ednas sexual awakening. Becoming aware of her desire to be sexually aroused is just part of Ednas awakening. Edna met Robert as she was at a vacation resort with her family. They immediat ely had an attraction for one another, making Robert decide to focus his attention mostly on Edna, as he usually does with one particular woman every summer: Since the age of fifteen...Robert each summer at Grand Isle had constituted himself the devoted attendant of some fair dame or damsel. (Chopin, 11) As the story progresses, the attraction Edna has for Robert becomes more and more intense. Their attraction continues Robert leaves to go to Mexico just as we come to find out they have fallen in love. Edna starts an affair with Alcee after her true love is gone. This further proves the feminist movement of sexual independence, and not having to be completely committed to one man. Most 19th century women lived by concept of Republican Motherhood, but some began to support feminist ideals that would become popular as the 20th century appears. Edna Pontellier in The Awakening by Kate Chopin is an example of a feminist woman. With her pursuing her own dreams, being able to stand up for herself and having sexual independence Edna is a strong woman ahead of herShow MoreRelatedFeminism In The Awakening1562 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of feminism, it is a sensitive topic that must be inclusive of all genders. The modern term of ‘feminism’ is defined as giving both men and women the same rights and privileges as each other. Basic human rights would give others the notion that this is how all humans should have been treated from the beginning. However, this is far from the truth. Books like The Awakening, give us an inside look at how women were treated around 100 years ago. When Kate Chopin wrote The Awakening, she createdRead MoreFeminism In The Awakeni ng1329 Words   |  6 PagesThough it was not common during the 1800’s, some women did not want to assume the traditional role of a typical Victorian lady. In Kate Chopin s The Awakening, this is just the case; she introduces us to Edna Pontellier a mother and wife during the said era. Throughout the story, we follow Edna s journey of self-discovery and self-expression through emotions, art, and sex thanks to the help of people she meets along the way. Chopin decides to end the book with Edna’s suicide to try to convey aRead MoreFeminism In The Awakening1193 Words   |  5 PagesTHE AWAKENING LAP TOPIC #3- EXPLORE HOW EACH MAN IN EDNA’S LIFE ATTEMPTED TO CONTROL AND/OR REPRESS HER EXISTENCE.. NICHOLE NARINEBRIJBASI In the time era of the 1800s, women were regarded as the weaker sex to society. Gender equality wasn’t the focal point of society as yet, leading to the oppressive mindsets of women. Men were viewed as â€Å"superior† because of their masculinity and righteousness that society had implanted into our view of socialRead MoreFeminism In The Awakening1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Awakening LAP Topic 1 By: Lourdes Rivera AP Literature Mr. Amoroso Rivera 1 Courageous, brave, and valiant are all characteristics that are necessary for one to possess in order to be heroic. The actions an individual takes dictates the kind of person they are and the actions of a hero reflect these characteristics. If the world is against a group of people, it takes a heroic person to break away from the oppression set to hold them down. Women have faced tremendous oppression from the ideologyRead MoreFeminism In The Awakening2069 Words   |  9 PagesThough it was uncommon during the 1800’s, some women didn’t want to assume the traditional role of a typical Victorian lady. Such is the case in Kate Chopin s The Awakening; she introduces us to Edna Pontellier a mother and wife during the said era. Throughout the story, we follow Edna s journey of self-discovery and self-expression through emotions, art, and sex thanks to the help of people she meets along the way. Chopin decides to end the book with Edna’s suicide in an attempt to convey a senseRead MoreThe Awakening Feminism Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesComing into the nineteenth century, women were looked at as feminist. â€Å"Feminism,† as we know the term today, was nonexistent in nineteenth-century America (Cruea 187). Feminist describes as someone embracing the beliefs that all people are entitled to freedom and liberty within reason. Gender, sexu al orientations, skin color, ethnicity, religion, culture or lifestyle should not be considered as a form of discrimination. Women roles, in the nineteenth century, were to take care of the cooking, cleaningRead MoreThe Awakening Feminism Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAfter reading The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, I believe the text is feminist. Whether Kate Chopin was deliberately writing for early feminists or not, the book has many early feminist ideas and it is shown through the main characters awakening by being eccentric. The author uses Edna Pontellier as an anti-conventional woman, breaking societal laws that govern her life, in search for individuality in a society that represses her. From a reader’s perspective in the early 1900’s, Edna would be a mentallyRead MoreEssay about Feminism in The Awakening986 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Awakening, by Kate Chopin the critical approach feminism is a major aspect of the novel. According to dictionary.refe rence.com the word feminism means, â€Å"The doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.† The Awakening takes place during the late eighteen hundreds to early nineteen hundreds, in New Orleans. The novel is about Edna Pontellier and her family on a summer vacation. Edna, who is a wife and mother, is inferior to her husbandRead MoreThe Rise Of Feminism In The Awakening By Kate Chopin711 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism is the liberation of women and their rights as human beings. The feminism that we see today started in 1960s, but the issue began way before the 1960s. In the 1890s, Kate Chopin wrote a novella called The Awakening to tell the story of the rise of feminism within a character named Edna. In The Awakening, Kate Chopin creates feminism before it’s time by using Edna’s attitude toward her lovers, the freeness of the scenery, and her motherly attitude. These traits that Edna possesses are extremelyRead More Analysis Of Proto-Feminism In The Awakening By Kate Chopin838 Words   |  4 PagesProto-Feminism is defined as a philosophical idea in which feminism existed in a time period it was expected to be unknown. Before the 20th century, women’s liberation was not a familiar concept to society, however a great variety of literature from this time period displayed how women defended themselves for the independence and freedom they lacked. Along with the many novels written in this time period, The Awakening written by Kate Chopin in 1899 justifies this philosophy. Edna Pontellier, the

Assess the View That Social Class Differences in...

Assess the view that social class differences in educational achievement are the result of school processes such as labeling. (20 marks) Labelling refers to meanings or definitions we attach to someone or something to make sense of them and these could be negative or positive labels. For example, in schools teachers are likely to label middle-class pupils as bright and more able to achieve in education whereas, they would see working class pupils as less able. Teacher labels can affect a pupil’s educational achievement as it will influence how they perform educationally. However, there are other school factors which cause underachievement and these are, the self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and pupil subculture. There have been a†¦show more content†¦For example, teachers may give a negative label to a working class pupil and see them as badly behaved as a result, the pupil would accept that label and live up to it. Therefore, pupils given negative labels may see themselves as failures and give up trying consequently, fulfilling the original prophecy. Some sociologists would argue that streaming can affect a pupil’s educational achievement. Streaming refers to separating children into different ability groups or classes called ‘streams’. Each group is then taught separately, according to their ability for all subjects. In Becker’s study, teachers did not see working-class children as ideal pupils and were seen as lacking ability therefore, they were placed in a lower stream. This leads to self-fulfilling prophecy as pupils except their teachers’ low expectations by under-achieving. For example, Douglas found that children placed in a lower stream at the age of 8 suffered a decline in their IQ score by the age of 11. In addition, sociologists would argue that pupil subcultures affect the pupils’ educational achievement. For example, the pro-school subculture contains pupils who have been placed in higher streams and are committed to school values. Theses pupils are more likely to be middle-class therefore they tend to achieve in education. However, the anti-school subculture containsShow MoreRelatedUnit 14 Childcare Grade B6300 Words   |  26 PagesE1/E2/E3. The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society looks upon things, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference. It looks at ways how removing barriers that restrict life choices for people with a disability. When barriers are removed, people with disabilities can be independent and equal in society, with choice and control over their own lives. The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organised. The medicalRead MoreCaribbean Studies Syllabus5959 Words   |  24 Pagesto: 1. Locate and define the Caribbean; 2. Explain the terms ‘society’ and ‘culture’; 3. Describe the characteristic features of Caribbean society and culture 4. Analyze the impact of the historical processes in Caribbean society and culture; 5. Assess the impact of geographical processes on Caribbean society and culture 6. Evaluate the ways in which societal institutions impact on their lives; 7. Analyze how the global community and Caribbean society impact on each other CONTENT 1. LocationRead MoreNcfe Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 1: Exploring Equality and Diversity5977 Words   |  24 Pagesdescribe the differences between people, some we can see others we can’t Diversity can be differences in race, heritage, customs, belief systems, physical appearance, mental capabilities, etc. Diversity should be respected and valued because nobody is completely the same as anyone else, even within the categories above. 2. Describe the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may observe in terms of: †¢ Interests †¢ Beliefs †¢ Ages †¢ Lifestyles †¢ Personal, social and culturalRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagesintelligences have to do with my classroom? 4. How has M.I. theory developed since it was introduced in 1983? 5. Who are the critics of this theory and what do they say? 6. What are some benefits of using the multiple intelligences approach in my school? 7. How can applying M.I. theory help students learn better? 8. How can I find out more about M.I. theory? PART II – Demonstration 1. Seeing MI in action 2. What do M.I. lesson plans look like? 3. Poll PART III – Exploration Read MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesCenter for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Education or any other agency of the U.S. Government. Reports are available from: Publications Department, CRESPAR/Johns Hopkins University; 3003 N. CharlesRead MoreFactors Affecting Motivation to Learn English25117 Words   |  101 Pagesi FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE AMONG CHINESE STUDENTS IN JOHOR BAHRU BY OOI CHOON LEAN MP061113 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 581225-07-5846 SUPERVISOR ASSOC PROF DR AZIZI HJ YAHAYA ii ABSTRACT There has been an ongoing debate about the importance of the English language. Employers are lamenting that new graduates these days lack communicative proficiency in English. The purpose of this studyRead MoreControl Theory15246 Words   |  61 Pages6 The Complexity of Control Travis Hirschi 1935– University of Arizona Author of Social Bond Theory Hirschi’s Two Theories and Beyond T ravis Hirschi has dominated control theory for four decades. His influence today is undiminished and likely will continue for years, if not decades, to come (see, e.g., Britt Gottfredson, 2003; Gottfredson, 2006; Kempf, 1993; Pratt Cullen, 2000). 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My Community Internship Experience Free Essays

The aim of this community internship program is for us to provide knowledge and practical experience necessary for functioning competently and effectively upon licensee in a health-system pharmacy. As a first year pharmacy student, I feel so nervous before entering into this kind of internship because I don’t know what will happen when I’m into it and what will be the possible effect, but I’m really glad when I finished the required number of hours because all the hard work and sacrifices has paved off. During my internship period In MD-Rosary I experienced a lot Like organizing of drugs and arranging It to Its respective gondola, paper tabulating, dispensing, and more that Is not being practiced at the school. We will write a custom essay sample on My Community Internship Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now During our first day at MO-Rosaries they introduced to us the rules and regulations of the drugstore from the signing of DART before we leave and enter the store and also the body search overtime we leave the store, then after that Ma’am Carol showed the Rag area to us hen we started copying the drugs In the Rag area after that we roam around and observed the whole drugstore. The next day we do the same thing as well, and we started copying each book from book 1 to 10 till the last day of our internship and we are always having an exam per book weekly. The best experience in this internship is when we were permitted to dispense drugs and at the same time we encounter different kinds of customers. I’m grateful that I finished this internship and learned a lot that will lead me too brighter future. How to cite My Community Internship Experience, Papers

Child Abuse Frank and Ileana Fuster Essay Example For Students

Child Abuse: Frank and Ileana Fuster Essay The term child abuse was once as rarely heard as that of pink elephants. However rare the term has once been, it is now a term used consistently throughout the news and various other publications today. Along with the progressing decline in societys morals, has come the rapid increase of crime. One such crime is child abuse. Although child abuse is common, the act is defiling. As a result of the abuse, children who fall victim to this often need psychological treatment and counseling. Often, the child is never the same as he or she once was before. The dictionary defines child abuse as: ;the physical, or emotional, or sexual mistreatment of children; (Dictionary.com). Everyday thousands of children are the victims of this abuse. The abusers range from parents, friends, total strangers, to even day-care workers. One case involving the abuse of children in their care is that of Frank and Ileana Fuster. The two were accused in 1984 of molesting children in their home. Frank was a 36-year-old Cuban immigrant and was married to 17-year-old Ileana who was Honduran. Frank and Ileana Fuster were residents of Country Walk, Florida where they held a home-based babysitting service (Pendergrast). The case was then known as ;Country Walk; because of the city in which the two, Frank and Ileana resided. ;The case began when a 3-year-old boy asked his mother to ;kiss my body; when she was giving him a bath. He said, ;Ileana kisses all the babies bodies. The mother became concerned and reported the comments to the Dade County child protection authorities (A Summary of the Frank Fuster NP). Fuster seemed to be living the American dream before the accusations were presented against him. Frank and Ileana were newly weds, owned a new home in the suburbs and a landscaping business that was doing well. However, Frank was not living the American dream. He was still on probation for a 1982 child molestation conviction for fondling a nine-year-old girl and manglaughter, for shooting a man after a traffic accident (Debunking Frontlines Did Daddy Do It?; NP). Frank had been ;arrested on September 21, 1982 for lewd and lascivious assault on a minor a nine-year-old girl whose breasts and genitals Fuster fondled while driving her home. The jury heard from the girl, who was cross-examined at length. They found her credible and convicted Fuster; (;Fusters Manslaughter Conviction NP). On August 9, 1984, Frank was arrested on charges of violating his probation. Ileana was then arrested on August 23, 1984 and was charged with multiple counts of sexual assault of a minor (Statement of Facts And NP). Both Frank and Ileana denied the charges against them. Frank had already been convicted for the manslaughter in 1969 and for the 1982 condling of a child (A Summary of the Frank Fuster NP). His case was not looking hopeful. Over 20 children came forward concerning the charges and told police that they had been raped and molested by Frank and Ileana. The state attorney, Janet Renos office built its case against Frank and Ileana based on testimonies from children, a medical test, and a confession from Ileana (;A Summary of the Frank Fuster; NP). The children that came forward and were interviewed went through tremendous questioning. The ;Miami Method; was a method invented because the methods of interviewing children were hurting the cases because of being interviewed so may times by different individuals. Parents of the children would begin to tell authorities that they were not going to allow their children to be a part of the cases anymore because of the psychological effects the various interviewing was having on their children. The courts also treated the children that were testifying as if they had no competence at all. Therefore, the ;Miami Method; was introduced and children were videotaped in their interview and the interview played during the trial. The interivew were the first and only interview conducted with the child and were expected to be believable. This method was first introduced in the Frank Fuster case. Shortly after the method was first introduced, a ;state law was changed to allow children to testify from the judges chambers. .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec , .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .postImageUrl , .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec , .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:hover , .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:visited , .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:active { border:0!important; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:active , .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u825ed222510d6ea960cb5dc273216aec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Contrariety Of Two Friends Essay The method was also .

Who benefits from take over resistance tactics free essay sample

According to the finance literature, a takeover is a process whereby a firm acquires another firm, resulting in a change of the controlling interest of the acquired firm. Takeovers can occur through acquisitions, proxy contests and going-private transactions. They can be friendly when the management of the target firm is receptive to the bidder offer or they can be hostile when target firm managers resist takeover attempts by using defensive tactics. According to Ross et al (2010), takeovers can result in change of firm policies, layoffs, terminations, or overhaul of business operations. To analyze who benefits from a takeover resistance tactic, we should first examine the reasons or motivations of the defensive tactic by target firm managers. According to Ruback (1987), managers resist takeovers for the following reasons: Managers believe that firm has hidden values, this is due to the private information they have about the firms future prospects that is not available to the public and when managers assess the takeover bid by comparing the offer price with what they believe is the fair value of the firm (incorporating the private information) and the offer price turns out to be less, managers will oppose the offer. We will write a custom essay sample on Who benefits from take over resistance tactics? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Managers believe the resistance will increase offer price, therefore, their attempt to resist slows the bid and create opportunity to an increase of the tender offer as the bidder after an initial unsuccessful friend offer, tries to buy through a tender offer and if not successful, try the auction for the firm. According to Ruback (1983) cited in Ruback (1987), the final offer price exceeded the initial offer price by 23% in 48 competitive tender offers between 1962-81. Managers may want to preserve their jobs and positions, especially when they are ware that the bidder intends to replace the target firm’s management. Target firm managers use a variety of defensive tactics to avoid takeovers, from altering the terms of directors where managers amend charters of the firm to make takeovers more difficult; golden parachutes related to severance packages payable to managers in the event of takeover, increasing the cost of acquisition; poison pills provision that are deterrent to the acquirer diluting for example the acquirers share in the firm. Other tactics after the company in in play include greenmail and standstill agreement, white knight and white squire, recapitalization and repurchases where managers issue debt to repurchase shares raising the market share price, making it less attractive to the bidder; exclusionary self-tenders and asset restructuring. These tactics are built by management for self-protection reasons, being severe, (blocking takeovers) or soft tactics with no substantial impact on the offer price. However, empirical evidence shows that although manager’s defensive tactics may sometime rarely shareholders by increasing wealth, in general, these tactics do not have a positive impact in the share price of the target firm. According to DeAnglelo and Rice (1983) cited in Ruback (1987. p56-57), they found no evidence of share price reaction to adoption of corporate charters amendment when analyzing 53 firms using staggered boards as well as the effect of super majority provision. Ho (1986) cited in Ruback (1987), found no evidence of existence of abnormal return for a sample of 23 poison pills. This conclusion is also consistent with findings of Kidder, Peabody and Company for a sample of 167 poison pills where no stock price change was observed. Evidence by Dann and DeAngelo (1983) proves that there is a negative stock price reaction with the use of standstill agreements by -4% whereas, greenmails, cause a negative stock reaction of -3%. Dann and DeAngelo (1986) cited in Ruback (1987), analyzed 20 transactions where they found that acquisitions and divestitures, reduce by 2% the share price of the target firm. In general, empirical evidence supports the idea that manager’s defensive tactics are harmful to the target firm value. For example, Bates et al (2012) reported that Microsoft Corporation offered USD 47 billion to Yahoo in 2008, a premium above 60% however; this offer was rejected by Yahoo executives. Following Microsoft? s withdrawal of the acquisition bid, Yahoo? s shares dropped by 15%; the CEO of Yahoo was later replaced for this costly and selfish behavior. According to Bradley et al (1988) cited in Devos (2009), companies merge to benefit from synergies. For a sample of 236 successful tender offers from 1963-1884, they noted that the equity value for the combined firms increased by 7,4% in average. Synergy is when the combined firm value exceeds the value of the acquirer and acquired firm before the acquisition. Therefore, synergy is attached to the incremental cash flows, coming from revenue enhancement, cost reduction, tax gains and reduced capital requirements. According to Brealey (2003), acquisitions can happen in three basic forms, merger or consolidation, acquisition of stock and acquisition of assets. The merger is the incorporation of assets and liabilities of one firm by another and the acquirer maintains its name whereas the acquired firm ceases to exist. The main advantage of this method over others rely on the minimum costs incurred on mergers as they do not require the transfer of title deed of individual assets of the acquired firm to the acquiring firm which is costly provided that the merger is approved. In addition, in the transfer of assets form according to Ross et al (2010), minority shareholders often cause problems to the majority shareholders. The acquisition of stock as we saw above, can be costly to the bidder because of the defensive tactics used by the target firm managers as an attempt to avoid the takeover. Therefore, the outcome aimed by the acquiring firm may not be achieved as the tender price may be pushed us, above the real market value of the acquired firm.