Peace Essay :: essays research papers

China and Iran: Transition to Democracy      Throughout the course of history, there have been Communist, Socialist, Democratic governments and autocracies, yet the most fair type of government has been Democracy. All these various types of government have been effective sooner or later, however in today’s world all together for the procedure of democratization to succeed, numerous components must be positive for progress to be accomplished. In this article, the democratization of China and Iran will be examined. One has been effective where different has not developed. The procedure and elements that lead to their current results will be talked about.  â â â â The democratization of China had been an extremely moderate procedure. China’s procedure of democratization has been long in coming, â€Å"for a long time since the Opium War, China has battled through innumerable convoluted ways in quest for democratization. A great many individuals with elevated standards yielded for it; various them were slaughtered by the individuals who opposed democratization, however significantly more kicked the bucket because of inner conflicts.†1 These passings were not futile, they showed the individuals of China an entirely important exercise and after the Cultural Revolution(1966 to 1969), which was a urgent period when numerous political and social changes were started, the individuals of China began to acknowledge these political changes. â€Å"The authenticity of the Communist government had been depleted. Social Revolution brought up issues to the Chinese about the authenticity of the previous socialist regime.†2      There were numerous occasions that prompted the democratization. The episode at Tiananmen Square was a significant occasion (June 1989) in twentieth century Chinese history, just as one of the reasons for the destruction of socialism in numerous nations. During this episode understudies walked and exhibited against the CCP. It was viewed by the world by means of TV, it denoted the start of the third time of present day Chinese international strategy. The first was coterminous with Mao Zedong’s rule, 1949-1976, and the second was coterminous with the monetary change development of 1977-1988, drove by Deng Xiaoping. Under Mao, Beijing’s international strategy was resolved for the most part by household factors. The first of these was progressive governmental issues. The most significant local change was substitution of Maoist radicalism by Dengist down to earth control and a comparing shift from the power of governmental issues to that of financial aspects. â€Å"Tiananmen represented the start of the finish of socialist principle in China, added as far as possible of Marxism-Leninism all inclusive, and influenced China’s outside relations in two different ways.

How Does the Phonology of a One Year Old Differ

How does the phonology of a one year old contrast from that of a two-multi year old? Portray the primary changes not out of the ordinary over the principal year of word use. A kid somewhere in the range of one and three years experiences significant improvement in their phonological capacity (Ingram, 1986). They embrace explicit phonological procedures and it will be investigated when and how kids utilize these to accomplish exact elocutions and how singular contrasts influence phonological turn of events. Grunwell (1981) proposes that the initial a half year of profitable language advancement (0. 9-1. a long time) is word-based, as a result of the constrained phonetic variations and dynamic changes in articulation. Be that as it may, he proposes 1. 6-2. 0 years is the finish of the principal phase of discourse improvement, which is co-occurrent with the accomplishment of a functioning jargon of 50 words. Menn and Vihman (2011) propose that these early words equal chattering, in that they are described by plain components and structures, for example, plosives, nasals and floats; straightforward vowels and CV structures. This phase of improvement in a child’s stock might be portrayed as a ‘proto-system’, as the youngster structures don't take after grown-up words (Grunwell, 1981).However, the child’s early phonetic stock (table 1) proposes that the kid has a fundamental contrastive framework and shows that their phonological framework has started, which will see an expansion in new words and the rise of two-word expressions (Grunwell, 1981). m| n| p b| t d| w| | Table 1: A phonetic stock of a kid 1. 6-2. 0 years (Grunwell, 1981). Grunwell (1981) presents a ‘chronology of phonological processes’ (p175) which mirrors a child’s phonological advancement as far as the vanishing of disentangling forms between 2. 0-4. a long time. These procedures are summed up in table 2 and show that reduplication and consonant concordan ce are the main basic disentanglement forms grown out of by age two, which concur with the discoveries of Vihman and Greenlee (1987). Basic improvement is commonly run of the mill of the previous phase of phonological turn of events (Vihman, 2004). Be that as it may, phonological procedures; last consonant erasure, group decrease, fronting, coasting and halting are routinely utilized by youngsters until about age three, with less predictable use from there on (Vihman et al, 1986).Vihman (2004) states that half of her three-year-old subjects utilized floating and palatal fronting, yet the replacement of between dental fricatives were consistently utilized by all subjects and are related with the most elevated recurrence of blunders. Table 2 proposes that velar fronting specifically is the main fundamental disentanglement to be grown out of, at 2. 6 years. In spite of this, it shows that obstruents don't happen in a child’s stock until age three, and that these must be aced bef ore obstruent and fluid groups can be created effectively (Vihman, 2004).Vihman and Greenlee (1987) show that the particular phonetic inclinations saw at age one appear as inconsequential to the phonological mistakes at age three and propose that phonetic inclinations change after some time. Vihman (2004) recommends that kids with an exploratory way to deal with phonological improvement investigate a wide scope of sounds at age one and were bound to erase consonants at age three, though youngsters with a deliberate methodology compel their assertion choice examples at age one and are more averse to utilize entire word forms at age three (Vihman, 2004).However, Vihman and Greenlee (1987) show that 73% of children’s articulations at age three were made a decision about clear, which associates with lower phonological blunder scores. Taking everything into account, singular contrasts are a huge in ones phonological framework and tricky in summing up ‘normal’ advancem ents. Be that as it may, a multi year old youngster will have by and large relative phonological development (Vihman and Greenlee, 1987) and most of improving phonological procedures utilized at age one will no longer apply consistently (Vihman, 2004). References Grunwell, P. 1981) The advancement of Phonology: A Desciptive Profile. First Language. 2: 161-191 Ingram, D (1986) Ch10: Phonological Development: Production. In Fletcher, P and Garman, M. Language procurement pp223-239 CUP: UK second Edition Menn, L. and Vihman, M. M. (2011) Part V: Features in Phonological turn of events: Features in Child Phonology: Inherent, Emergent, or Artifacts of Analysis? In Clements, N. G and Ridouane, R (Ed) Where do Phonological Features Come From? Psychological, Physical and formative bases of particular discourse classifications. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p259-303 Vihman, M. M (2004) Ch3: Later Phonological Development. In Bernthal, J. E and Bankson, N. W, Articulation and Phonologica l Disorders, pp105-138. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. fifth Edition. Vihman, M. M. , Ferguson, A. and Elbert, M (1986) Phonological advancement from chattering to discourse: normal inclinations and individual contrasts. Applied Pyscholinguistics, 7: 3-40 Vihman, M. M. and Greenlee, M. (1987) Individual Differences in Phonological Development: Ages one and three years Journal of discourse and hearing exploration. 30: 503-521

Analyze the Tension Rising Between the Northern and Southern States Between the Time Period of the 1800-1860’s Essay

From 1800 to 1860 the connection between the Northern, and Southern States deteriorated and the danger for the development of 2 coordinate associations was moving closer. This change on the relationship can be credited to mechanical improvement to a genuinely enormous degree, anyway it ought to be noticed that there are additionally different variables, which contributed, in huge part to this adjustment in the relationship. Modern advancement was a factor in the connection between the Northern and Southern states with respect to the mechanical blast in the northern states and the making of increment duties, just as the large agents and financiers in the North and the way that Northern Industries didn't require subjugation while Southerners asserted their horticulture society did. As a result of the noteworthy increment in businesses in the North defensive duties, for example, the duty of 1828 welcomed extraordinary strain between the north and the south. The levy of 1828 was keyed the term â€Å"the tax of abominations† by numerous southern as a result of as outrageous rates. This tax under president Jackson was restricted by V. P Calhoun who composed the South Carolina article and fights, which comparably to the Virginia and Kentucky goals under Thomas Jefferson, expressed that the central government didn't reserve the option to fix these duties and that specific is held for the states; Calhoun was a solid backer of the states rights. South Carolina took steps to succeed the association with Calhoun saying â€Å" the association close to our freedom generally dear.. † in light of Jackson’s solid articulation â€Å" our association it should and will be protected. Henry Clay, the extraordinary compromiser, thinks of a trade off for the levy, generously while South Carolina makes a deal to avoid succeeding the association. Levies, for example, the tax of horrifying presences made more noteworthy strain between the North and the South; Which cause for the taxes can to return to the mechanical improvement in the north. Enormous organizations and brokers which like insightful developed in port as a result of the mechanical advancement made more prominent pressures between the north and the south as these investors where in the north. Anyway it ought to be noticed that the significant cowards against the brokers originated from the ranchers in the West . Albeit numerous in the south were against these investors also. Particularly with the production of the bank of the US, at first separated of Alexander Hamilton’s obligation presumption plot and later separated of Henry Clay’s American System. President Jackson attempted to murder the B. U. S by vetoing it considerably after the Supreme Court proclaimed the B. U. S naturally in Mccollugh versus Maryland, 1819. Jackson accepted the B. U. S just preferred the rich northerners and on the grounds that Jackson was an advocator of the normal man, he was against it. Southerners can likewise be believed to conflict with the Bank as it did little to support them. This issue of the Bank, which can be given the name Bank War, caused the relations between the North and the south to turn out to be more regrettable and the mechanical advancement in the North. Additionally the modern advancement further depicted the absence of requirement for subjection in the North. Which turned into a significant issue in the connection between the North and the South as the Southerners’ economy depended on a ranch society, which profited by slaves. The Southern economy depended on cotton gin by Eli Whitney, slaves were presently being utilized to create increasingly more cotton. Cotton which was utilized by the ventures in the South, for example, dress enterprises. Due to this distinction in the economy with the North being mechanical and the South being agrarian. The issue of subjugation expanded the issues in the relations between the North and the South. Anyway notwithstanding the mechanical advancement being a factor in the connection between the northern and southern states it ought to be noticed that the new regions in the west caused significantly more issues between the North and the South. Regardless of that, the connection between the Northern and Southern States from 1800 to 1860 can be in a huge degree in light of the factor of modern turn of events.

Conformity Free Essays

The Price of Nonconformity Defiance is a challenging and strong protection from power or society. In any gathering, regardless of whether an area, group, or school, there is a sure moral and good code that individuals are relied upon to submit to, and subsequently disobedience isn't welcome. Be that as it may, each gathering has its people, individuals who think outside the box and run contrary to the natural order of things. We will compose a custom exposition test on Congruity or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Activities made by people that shake the establishments of a society’s convictions are found in contrary light, and therefore, the individual faces ill will. Dissention and disobedience to a society’s customs lead to extraordinary ramifications for the person. In the novel The Chocolate War, Jerry’s kinship with Roland Goubert break down in relationship with Jerry’s individuality. Famously alluded to as â€Å"The Goober,† Roland is Jerry’s just genuine partner in the novel. The Goober is a serene figure who detests strain and conflict and coexists with Jerry who shares Goober’s mellow conduct (Cormier 100). The chocolate deal, in any case, drives a wedge between the two’s simple fellowship. Goober reacts with dread and fear when Jerry relates his arrangement to deny the chocolates. He beseeches Jerry to assuage the school and sell the chocolates, and Jerry’s void reaction to Goober’s supplication begins the division in their kinship. â€Å"Jerry’s solitary dissent is somewhat propelled by a banner showed in the rear of his Buda 2 storage. It shows a man strolling alone on the sea shore, with a subtitled quote from artist T. S. Eliot: ‘Do I dare upset the universe? ’ Beyond noting this test Jerry has no agreeable clarification for his companion The Goober, or for himself, with respect to why he is as yet declining to sell the chocolates† (Telgen). Therefore, Goober will not take an interest on the football crew, which significantly agitates Jerry and enlarges the gap between them. In the wake of sharing their clashing situations while in transit to the bus station one morning, the two feel isolated. â€Å"They sat in pity. At last, they assembled their books, got up, and strolled peacefully to the transport stop† (Cormier 160). One’s resistance can likewise make him be exposed to mental fighting. Archie Costello has a sharp and upsetting ability for delivering mental harm regarding his matters. Since Jerry resists the Vigils, Archie centers his â€Å"talent† around Jerry. Jerry gets visit, unknown telephones calls at the entire hours of the night. At the point when Jerry answers, there is just quietness; and afterward the individuals on the other line laugh, secretly, at some personal joke (Cormier 191). This plan demonstrates extremely viable in infiltrating into Jerry’s mind. â€Å"In bed again, little in obscurity, Jerry willed his body to extricate, to unwind. Inevitably, rest culled at him with delicate fingers, alleviating ceaselessly the throb. Be that as it may, the telephone rang in his fantasies throughout the night long† (Cormier 220). The morning after his first night call, Jerry goes to his storage and finds that somebody vandalized his banner and sliced his shoes. His banner that propelled his rebelliousness had been spread with something that had all the earmarks of being blue paint, and the message had been basically demolished into a twisted muddle of detached letters (Cormier 192). After this occasion, Jerry feels as though somebody is attempting to send him a purposeful message. Archie further mentally assaults Jerry by furtively taking Jerry’s schoolwork task after he hands it over. Jerry claims he left his watercolor venture on the teacher’s work area the day preceding, yet Buda 3 the substitute, Brother Andrew, questions him. â€Å"Jerry moaned unobtrusively, in acquiescence. He realized that sibling Andrew wouldn’t discover the drawing there. He needed to turn, to filter the essences of the children in the class, to locate that one child who’d be bragging in fulfillment. Hello, you’re getting jumpy, he told himself† (Cormier 195). Regardless of the considerable number of plots against him, Jerry chooses to continue upsetting the universe. Tragically, more issues definitely follow as Jerry turns out to be firm in his conviction. Jerry is made an outsider according to the understudies at Trinity. Archie states that no one characterizes the Vigils and pulls off it (Cormier 148). As one strategy for rebuffing Jerry, the Vigils try isolating Jerry and transforming him into a pariah. The Vigils accomplish this by meddling with the chocolate deal. The Vigils rally school support for the chocolate deal and ensure each kid meets his portion of fifty boxes aside from Jerry (Peck). Jerry additionally begins to feel that he is undetectable at school. As he strolls through the hallways, understudies give him a wide billet. No one brushes against him, and folks step out of his way. Jerry accepts that the educators are a piece of the scheme as well. They let their eyes slide over him, looking somewhere else when Jerry attempted to grab their eye. Once, he waved his hand wildly to respond to an inquiry however the educator overlooked him† (Cormier 224). From the start, Jerry feels like somebody is attempting to annihilate him and expel all hints of his reality, however sooner or later he starts to make the most of his nonappearance of character. Jerry unwinds, feel ing as though he no longer must be wary. His sentiments of security, be that as it may, vanish when the understudies drop the brush off act and proceed onward to a much more terrible type of discipline. Buda 4 Often, it is just an issue a period before a protester faces viciousness. Jerry understands that the football field turns into a spot where individuals can mishandle him unmercifully. The athletic office accommodates the testing of people, including each one’s readiness and capacity to withstand physical maltreatment; the football field is a field where savagery is ritualized, endorsed, and even requested (Carter, Harris). At football training one day, Jerry gets violently handled from behind, and he ponders who assaulted him (â€Å"The Chocolate War†). Emile Janza additionally embarks to hurt Jerry and collects a gathering of children for an assault. Emile faces Jerry alone after football training. Emile considers Jerry a pixie, and when Jerry comes back with unrefined comment Emile’s band of children rise up out of their concealing spots to thump Jerry. Emile and Jerry’s fight with one another arrives at its stature when Archie sets them both up to take an interest in an enclosing match front of the whole understudy body. â€Å"The propensity of physical harassing in the school, spoke to by Emile Janza, energizes our desire that the bigger fight will end in a key confrontation† (Peck). Archie spins the battle; he makes a wager that directs the moves of the fight, making it basically outlandish for Jerry to win. Voices overwhelmingly cry from the horde of understudies for Janza to execute his rival. Jerry is separated from everyone else out there, helpless before the understudies who as of late concluded that he was not a progressive by any means, yet rather somebody who viewed himself as superior to them (â€Å"The Chocolate War). Craftsmen, including artists and painters, have perceived and tended to the hardships and confinement of protesters in their works. The tune â€Å"Minority† by the American band Green Day represents an individual’s rebelliousness. The verses â€Å"Stepped out of the line like a sheep runs from the herd† (Metro Lyrics), suggest that an individual is opposing a gathering. The word â€Å"herd† recommends a similar gathering that demonstrations together and along these lines is looted of their Buda 5 distinction. â€Å"A face in the group unrecognized, against the form. In actuality singled out the main way I know† (Metro Lyrics). These verses show the detachment one faces because of rebelliousness. In the event that somebody is â€Å"Marching out of time† (Metro Lyrics), they are transformed into a minority, as clear in Jerry’s situation when understudies treat him as a pariah. The work of art, â€Å"Wake up America† by American craftsman Jon McNaughton represents conflicting with society. The canvas offers a political expression while likewise communicating the possibility of resistance. â€Å"There are a wide range of individuals bound together by a similar issue we as a whole face: our national obligation. Be that as it may, for some odd reason, a great many people don’t even appear to acknowledge what's going on to them† (McNaughton). The individuals in this artistic creation are limited by the national obligation simply like the understudies at Trinity are limited by the chocolate deal. The Trinity understudies do the deal unconscious of its more profound motivation behind keeping authority amassed in the hands of Brother Leon. The work of art proposes that Obama resembles Leon as in Obama gains power from the very obligation that chains American citizens. The man in the closer view sawing off his chain resembles Jerry breaking liberated from the grasp of the chocolate deal. Like Jerry, the man getting away from the gathering will surely confront antagonistic vibe. Indeed, the lady behind him is as of now calling attention to him to the gathering. For most people, fighting a society’s moral and good guidelines eventually ends up being a losing fight. Regardless of whether an individual encourages change among a gathering, it is simply in the wake of confronting various results. â€Å"Jerry’s fight isn't simple for him to do, however he increases another personality through his activities. What this thought becomes in the novel is simply the idea of being valid and facing the malevolent that one sees on the planet. The main character that is genuine Buda 6 to himself in the novel is Jerry †yet at a horrible price† (Peck). People face struggle with the estimations of society or society everywhere because of a thought that they uphold or an activity that they submit. Independence might be portrayed as the cognizance of the person with regards to what he is and how he

Living in the Grey Challenging All-or-nothing Thinking

Living in the Grey Challenging All-or-nothing Thinking Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Living in the Grey How to Challenge All-or-nothing Thinking By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Updated on June 15, 2018 Christos Georghiou | Dreamstime.com More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention All-or-nothing thinking sometimes referred to as black-and-white thinking or dichotomous thinking, is one of the most common types of cognitive dysfunctions observed in patients with  eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. In Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (1980), David Burns identified ten different types of cognitive distortions or inaccurate and problematic ways of viewing oneself and the world. Cognitive distortions may lead to negative emotions and problematic behaviors. For this reason, they are a primary target of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Some of the most common examples of all-or-nothing thinking in patients with eating disorders are creating a rigid dichotomy of good versus bad foods (and avoidance of those foods on the bad food list) and defining eating behavior as either good or bad. Let’s look at how this type of thinking may cause problems, such as binge eating, for a patient with an eating disorder. Jane: Good foods vs. bad foods Jane has a food rule that she doesn’t eat candy because it is a “bad food.” Jane gets a surprise delivery for Valentine’s Day: of a box of chocolates. Jane believes that chocolate is forbidden, but she decides just this once, to indulge. She has one chocolate, and then another. It is so enticing partially because she is normally not allowed to eat chocolate. After two pieces of chocolate, Jane feels upset with herself. She knows she has broken her food rule â€" she’s “been bad.” Then Jane thinks, “Oh well, I’ve already blown it, I might as well give up and eat more of them.” She might even think, “I’d better finish the box because then they won’t be here to tempt me tomorrow. I will go back to being good on my diet tomorrow.” Sound familiar? Jim: good eating behavior vs. bad eating behavior Jim often goes out for a burger with his friends from work. When he does, he either gets a green salad (when he is dieting and being “good”), or he has a double cheeseburger, fries, and a shake (when he is not dieting). He notices that when he is dieting and has only the green salad while all his buddies eat burgers, he ends up feeling sad and deprived and sometimes goes home and binge eats ice cream. On the other hand, at the times he eats the double cheeseburger, fries, and shake, he feels ill and berates himself for eating unhealthy. Either way, his rules leave him feeling distressed. Learning to live in the grey Recovery from an eating disorder involves learning to think and live in shades of grey. Living in the grey area means accepting that all foods in moderation can be part of a balanced and healthy diet. It means learning to incorporate fear foods. It means eating in a way that is flexible enough to be sustainable. It means embracing ambiguity. What would this look like for Jane and Jim? Jane could work on relaxing her rigid rule about chocolate being “bad” and working towards all foods being morally neutral. She can acknowledge that different foods have different nutritional values, but all can be included in a balanced diet. Once all foods are permitted, it will become easier to stop after a normal portion and she won’t have to face the distress of breaking a rule. She can learn to have a few pieces of chocolate and enjoy them. Jim could learn that he doesn’t have to vacillate between restricting or overindulging when he is out to eat with his friends. If he wants to have a cheeseburger, he can have a single cheeseburger with a side salad. This way he will likely not feel deprived but will be able to enjoy a more balanced and satisfying meal. He will ultimately be relieved of the shame of binge eating. A Word from Verywell Challenging all-or-nothing thinking can be scary, but it is an important element of recovery. It is important to note that addressing dysfunctional thoughts such as all-or-nothing thinking is but one element of cognitive-behavioral therapy, a leading evidence-based treatment for eating disorders. If you or a loved one is experiencing an eating disorder please reach out for help. Trained eating disorder professionals can help you develop more balanced thinking and healthy eating behaviors. Source Burns, David, 1980, Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy.

Whole Foods Case Study - 275 Words

Whole Foods (Case Study Sample) Content: Whole FoodsName:Institution:Date:Whole foods Market Supermarkets comprises of a chain of supermarkets that was established in 1978 as a counterculture food store. According to Mackey, one of the supermarket owners the store was established for the purposes. These are having fun, making money, and contributing to the well-being of other people in society. The company takes a stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s approach, and its mission is geared towards the satisfaction of the stakeholders (Halligan Shah, 2014).According to the stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ approach, the decision-making process needs to satisfy all the stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ interests, and this includes all the employees, should act as a guide for the decision-making process (Nam, 2012). Therefore, Whole foods market supermarket in this regards considers its employees as stakeholders in the company. It refers to its employees as team members and that the company places its employees by supporting them in every to deve lop as grow into whole people (Halligan Shah, 2014). Through this emphasis on the growth of its employees, they promote initiative from them. They, therefore, allow them to experiment with new approaches for serving and satisfying the customers who according to Mackey are the top stakeholders (Halligan Shah, 2014)Through this freedom to initiate better methods of service, the employees as stakeholders become self-actualized and self-fulfilled. They in turn develop an urge to improve the well-being of the supermarketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s sta...

Enron Scandal - 1844 Words

THE ENRON SCANDAL FACTS OF THE CASE Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. Enron s predecessor was the Northern Natural Gas Company, which was formed during 1932, in Omaha, Nebraska. It was reorganized during 1979 as the main subsidiary of a holding company, Inter-North which was a diversified energy and energy related products company. During 1985, it bought the smaller and less diversified Houston Natural Gas company. Employed approximately 20,000 staff One of the world s major electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and paper companies. Revenues of nearly $40.1 billion. Enron was almost universally considered one of the country s most innovative†¦show more content†¦PROBLEMS OF THE CASE 1. The need for significant reforms in accounting and corporate governance in the United States, as well as for a close look at the ethical quality of the culture of business generally and of business corporations in the United States. 2. A private company like Enron currently hires and pays its own auditors. This again is a conflict of interest built into our legal system because the auditor has an incentive not to issue an unfavorable report on the company that is paying him or her. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONS 1. Current laws and SEC regulations must not allow firms like Arthur Andersen to provide consulting services to a company and then turn around and provide the audited report about the financial results of these consulting activities. 2. And if the first ACA is not applicable, the company should have better financial disclosure mechanisms. Expense claims should be processed properly with an allocated time to properly check the finances and expenses. 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Essay on Personal Statement for Masters Degree in Social...

As a student who began her college career without specific objectives, I never thought I would be writing a personal statement for an application to receive a Master’s Degree in the social work profession. However, I feel now that there is no other future for me than that of offering my education and personal commitment to vulnerable individuals in order to stabilize their lives. After careful consideration of all areas of social work, I have found that my main area of interest is in providing resources and encouragement for individuals with disabilities to gain the freedom to live independent lifestyles without discrimination. My personal goal in this profession is to make every possible effort in assisting these individuals with†¦show more content†¦My situation only temporarily hindered my ability to perform regular tasks outside the home. Before long, I was able to take my braces off my back and neck, and I eventually learned to walk without assistance. The s ame cannot be said for many people who currently have disabilities, as they will not be able to rid their hindrances. It is understandable that some people may not be able to grasp the idea of being confined to a wheelchair or a walker, and most people that are admitted into a hospital do not expect to hear that they will be required to use one of these medical devices regularly in order to be mobile. I know without a doubt in my mind that I am more than capable of helping people with disabilities gain confidence and the necessary skills to help them reach satisfaction and success. Countless hours spent reading articles regarding research on individuals with spinal cord injuries and what effects these injuries have had on their mental health has helped me realize that it is most important for me to work in a hospital or V.A. medical center in order to help these individuals overcome the obstacles in their lives. When veterans return from war with physical and/or mental disabilities, their families are also deeply and undeniably affected, and it is very important to understand the complications that correlateShow MoreRelatedStudy Counseling And Accounting Disciplines989 Words   |  4 Pages Areas of study: Counseling and Accounting With my IDS degree I chose to study counseling and accounting disciplines. I really enjoy listening to people and looking for ways to help them. I would like to create a new kind of counseling system that is very different from anything there is today. This is where my account background will come into play. I will need to start my own business to fulfill my dream. In order to be successful I will need my accounting knowledge to keep my business runningRead MorePersonal Statement : The Financial Manager855 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Statement It was when I received a task as the â€Å"financial manager† of my siblings at the age of ten that I became interested in the power of money. As the eldest child of the family, I was put in charge of managing my siblings’ monthly allowance, giving them the amount they need every week and save the rest for later. This act of my parents does not only taught me money managing, but also brought me enthusiasm towards monetary issues, making accounting my greatest passion since then. OverRead MoreBecoming A Social Worker : Rutgers University1593 Words   |  7 PagesFor as long as I can remember I have always wanted to pursue a career in social work. Helping others is something I have always been passionate about and I hope to be able to make a difference in the lives of those around me. Throughout my life, I have always been the person my friends would go to when something was wrong and they needed to talk. Growing up, I also experienced close family members struggle with addiction and mental health problems. I have seen how damaging these experiences can beRead MoreA Career in Medical Psychology1223 Words   |  5 Pagesundergraduate degree in psychology or in a related field such as sociology, education, anthropology or social work. Then, you will want to decide if you want to earn a doctorate-level degree. The reason you should make this decision at this point is because many psychology programs do not offer a terminal masters degree in psychology. In such cases, you will enroll in a graduate program after earning your bachelors degree and then spend 4 to 7 years working on your doctorate degree. In order toRead MoreDeveloping A Vision, Mission And Values Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Your purpose in life is to find your purpose and give your whole heart and soul to it† said Buddha. Defining one’s values, visions and mission statement for themselves is exactly what Buddha stated â€Å"your purpose in life†. Without developing a mission, vision and values to assist in developing a strategy, an individual cannot identify, distinguish or explain themselves to others. The importance of developing a vision, mission and values is to help one become the most successful they can be alongRead MoreEssay Personal Trainer1261 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Trainer Personal trainers are responsible for training individuals and developing a healthy workout regimen for all their clients. They often work with different muscle groups and combine this knowledge with cardiovascular training to provide their clients with the best exercise program possible. 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I want to apply to UniversityRead MoreFactors Affecting Bpe Students to Shift Majors1103 Words   |  5 Pageschildren for the world of work and helps them to develop their personal talents, discover who they are, and where they would best fit into society’s workforce as viewed by the Functionalist. They see three main function of education; role allocation, providing skills, and socialization. Education can be seen to provide pupils/ students with the curriculum and hidden curriculum; teaching skills that will prepare them physically, mentally and socially for the world of work in later life (Szarowicz,Read MoreAcademic and Professional Goals Essays932 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity the mission statement states: â€Å"Walden University provides a diverse community of career professionals with the opportunity to transform themselves as scholar-practitioners so that they can effect positive social change†. 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Contemporary Society Has Done Enough to Respond to the...

Criteria: What acts have actually been made to respond to the legacies of historical globalization? How have these effects been made in trying to respond to historical globalization? What has changed since then? What has not changed? Position: I disagree that contemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization for many reasons. Reasons: Some of the reasons I think this statement is not true are, even thought society has improved since historical times, society still has many problems and is nowhere near being a perfect world and fixing every flaw. We see and hear about people around us getting hurt everyday from various issues that have not been solved, yet we have not made a serious effort in order†¦show more content†¦This just goes to show how much of a profiting company Toms really is, they make all that extra money and then just keep it for themselves when they could be helping so much more by donating it all to Africa instead of just a cheap pair of canvas shoes which doesn’t help very much in the first place. There are many diseases that are easily catchable and Toms do not provide enough protection. The Rwandan Genocide also is still an existing issue which killed one million people, mostly Tutis and some Hutu’s, continues to be one of the most tragic and memorable events in the contemporary society of Africa. Specifically for those who were involved. Lucie Niyigena, a 70 year old woman who managed to survive the genocide, is still forced to face her fear everyday living beside someone who could have potentially killed a member of her family. This is just one of the still existing hardships for those forced to live it. This problem has not been changed since historical times partly because modern society has chosen not to make the change. Also the Rwandan genocide is still a huge issue because there is always a possibility that it could happen again. Although the chances are very slim, the possibility is always there and will always be. Anything can happen in the world, it takes just one person to create change whether it is positive or negative, and others will always follow along. Some areas in Africa are still controlled by Hutu Militia from Rwanda which creates a hugeShow MoreRelatedWe Have NOT Done Enough to Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization879 Words   |  4 Pageshave learned so far it appears that contemporary society has responded to the legacies of historical globalization, yet it hasn’t done quite enough to satisfy the concerned and affected. I would have to disagree to this statement, there are still some problems I believe needing to be addressed. Reasoning I have chosen the position of disagree because although contemporary society has responded to legacies of historical globalization, I think we haven’t done enough yet. Although we have definitelyRead MoreLegacies of Historical Globalization956 Words   |  4 PagesContemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization Criteria: What acts have actually been made to respond to the legacies of historical globalization? How have these effects been made in trying to respond to historical globalization? What has changed since then? What has not changed? Position: I disagree that contemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization for many reasons. Reasons: Some of the reasons I think thisRead MoreHistorical Globalization Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment II Essay Historical Globalization In the period of historical globalization, a lot of horrible events had happen and many people have suffered, also lost what they had such as land, culture, languages, family, freedom, and dignity. Like the Rwanda incidents, Apartheid Law in South Africa and the incidents in Residential Schools in Canada. Although those things had happened, they still survive and right now is rebuilding and moving forward to not let it happen again with theRead MoreThe Future of Globalization5305 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"The Future of Globalization† What exactly is globalisation? Before I talk about the future of globalization it is first of all important to understand what it truly means. From my research on the topic I feel that the following definition by the IMF is the most accurate. They describe globalization as the â€Å"growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and a variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows and alsoRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND IT EFFECTS ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. INTRODUCTION I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of mans complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desiresRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesM. 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No. 04VWCM 6117 With the guidance and support of Prof. Raja Sekhar Faculty: MBA [pic] ALLIANCE BUSINESS ACADEMY BANGALORE – 560 076 Batch: 2004-2006 Declaration I, Shriya Mehrotra, studentRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book wasRead MorePrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 PagesSUPPLY AND DEMAND II: MARKETS AND WELFARE Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets Application: The Costs of Taxation Application: International Trade Why is the equilibrium of supply and demand desirable for society as a whole? The concepts of consumer and producer and surplus explain the efficiency of markets, the costs of taxation, and the benefits of international trade. PART FOUR: THE ECONOMICS OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Externalities

In Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the...

In Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great basic problem, which is the appearance as a way of life and expression to the outside. Following this, they will all problems relating to the relationships between the characters, and the lack of communication in the families. It could also be seen in both works that the characters go through great efforts pretending to be happy with themselves. Willy Loman which may sound Low Man- man, writers often select the names for a reason, has two personalities one strong and one weak dreamer. The dreamer is optimistic, enterprising, including content and happy and the other is inconsistent, insecure, hypocritical, and unconscious. Both appear†¦show more content†¦Throughout the play, Biff undergoes a process in which different phases appears: The first is young he is intelligent, bold, and aggressive, likes sports and idolizes his father. Sees in him a successful professional, a person who can speak. He has great admiration for his father but greater the fall when he discovers his father infidelity when he goes to Boston. The second is that which is seen in almost all the work, is that of a failed Biff. The above is the dreamer Biff, as Willy a dreamer, hopeful. But in this phase he is representing the failure of Willy. The third is the Biff redeemed because he realizes who he is and there is a change. This happens wh en going to see Mr. Oliver, and he realizes that he has always lived in some kind of a dream. Happy Loman is like Willy, a dreamer, with wrong ideas, admires his brother. Idealistic, contradictory, liar, says one thing and then change it. He is irresponsible and does not want to face reality. He tries to express his personality through sex because he is no good for business; therefore competes sexually. Linda is the strongest character of all, is having to endure and do not see weaknesses. Bring the house, is a sympathetic character, comprising Willy, is a faithful wife, loyal, good mother ... Suffered, sometimes a little silly because he realizes that Willy is cheating with money and still follows the lead but it is more realistic. Her only contradiction is that she encourages Willy toShow MoreRelatedDeath of a Salesman: An Ending More Familiar Than Strange Essays1643 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller (1915-2005) born in Manhattan, but lived in Brooklyn when he was a teenager. He lived with his father during, the depression. This play â€Å" Death of a salesmanâ₠¬  makes me think that growing up in such an eventful time has a lot to do with how the elements of his drama revolves around life. His drama portrays the gloom and the sadness with some happy moments. Life brings out the elements, where the author stages the event and the characters play them out. The drama ofRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pageshistory of English poetry. Two kinds of sonnets have been most common in English poetry, and they take their names from the greatest poets to utilize them: the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet. The Petrarchan sonnet is divided into two main parts, called the octave and the sestet. The octave is eight lines long, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA, or ABBACDDC. The sestet occupies the remaining six lines of the poem, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of CDCDCD, or CDECDERead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageson the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., UniversityRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagess Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"MarketingRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesShephard Accountants, Inc. 212 Fargo Foods 216 Government Project Management 220 Falls Engineering 222 White Manufacturing 227 Martig Construction Company 229 Mohawk National Bank 231 5 NEGOTIATING FOR RESOURCES 235 Ducor Chemical 237 American Electronics International The Carlson Project 245 241 Contents vii 247 6 PROJECT ESTIMATING Capital Industries 249 Polyproducts Incorporated 251 Small Project Cost Estimating at Percy Company Cory Electric 259 Camden ConstructionRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagescompete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profiles Competitor analysis and the development of strategy The competitive intelligence system The development of a competitive stance: the potential for ethical conflict Summary CONTENTS vii Stage Two: Where do we want to be? Strategic direction and strategic formulation 7 Missions and objectives 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Learning objectives Introduction The purpose of planning Establishing the corporate

Vacant Chapter 10 Decision Free Essays

When I finally look at the clock, I notice it’s been seven hours since I ran out on Emily and my feelings. As I look out in front of me, the gray asphalt blurring with yellow and white lines, I make the decision to keep going. I don’t want to be the one to ruin her. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacant Chapter 10 Decision or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter how far I drive, I come to the same conclusion over and over again. I must have given Emily some sign of my feelings for her. It was never my intention. I’m a stock boy at a grocery store. She needs someone to take care of her†¦buy her all the things she’s never had. She doesn’t need an orphaned schmuck with less money than common sense. Usually, forty-eight hours doesn’t seem like a whole lot. However, it’s the longest I’ve been away from Emily in the time I’ve known her. It’s hard for me to believe I’ve only known her such a short time because she’s my whole life. How can your whole life be consumed by one person you haven’t known your entire life? Since I don’t know the answer to that, I keep driving. It’s Friday the 13th. I hadn’t actually realized it until I stopped for gas, and the lady in front of me was writing a check. She asked what the date was. The attendant answered her in a gleeful, yet macabre tone. Can one celebrate Friday the 13th? If today is the thirteenth though, that means I’ve been sleeping in my car for six days. Six days without her beautiful eyes. Six days without hearing the slight lilt in her voice. Six days since she told me she loved me, and I left her – like a thief in the night. Six days of thinking about kissing, touching and holding Emily. It’s the only thing I’ve thought about. Suddenly, it hits me: I know exactly what the raccoon from yesterday felt like as the wheels of the truck ahead of me rolled over him crushing him from the outside in. How to cite Vacant Chapter 10 Decision, Essay examples

Examining Persistent High Turnover Due To Low Wages †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Hospitality Industry Of New Zealand Examining Persistent High Turnover Due To Low Wages. Answer: Introduction The hospitality industryrefers to a broad group of businesses that provide services to customers in the field of providing services in hotels, restaurants and lodges. The primary areas of this service sector based industry are accommodation, food and beverage and travel and tourism. The Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation industry of New Zealand provides is a big avenue for employment generation giving opportunities to the young generation especially including part-time jobs (Cropp, 2016). Most of the employed youth in the industry are young students working part time and studying for higher qualifications. Employee turnover in an industry refers to the given number of people in the workforce which the industry needs to replace within a fixed period of time. This aspect is of vital importance to the functioning of an organization as it affects the productivity and more so when it is service based (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). Aim of the research The aims of this research are: To understand the hospitality industry of New Zealand To find out the rate of employee turnover in New Zealand To find out the difference in the rate of turnover in comparison to a global figure. To find out that factors or the causes behind the employee turnover in this sector To understand and find out the relation between the turnover rate and the wage of the employees To understand the effects of low wages on the employees To find out how this relation affects the productivity of the hospitality industry in New Zealand. Purpose of the research The purpose of this research is to understand the scenario of employment in the hospitality industry in New Zealand. Employee turnover has been the center of research of various researchers in the recent times highlighting many aspects of the hospitality industry (Hall Rusher, 2013). In New Zealand, this sector is the highest revenue earner garnering to employment needs of its young workforce. But in the past few years the hospitality industry has faced many ups and downs leading to a volatile job market (Poulston, Jenkins, 2016). The low rate of wages earned in this service industry that involves strong commitment and dedication in providing optimum customer satisfaction has been identified as a primary reason by many international studies (Hatch, 2016). It is therefore, very important to study what are the factors that have led to a low wage system in the industry leaving the workforce de motivated to leave the job and also find out ways and means to solve this problem (Mohsin, L engler Aguzzoli, 2015). Research questions The research questions that need to be answered in the course of study are: What is the hospitality industry of New Zealand? What is the rate of employee turnover in hospitality industry of New Zealand? What is the rate of employee turnover in hospitality industry in a global scale? What are the factors or causes behind the employee turnover rate in hospitality industry of New Zealand? What is the relation between the employee turnover rate and wages? What are the effects of low wages on employee? What are the effects of the employee turnover due to low wages in the productivity of the hospitality industry of New Zealand Guiding principle The theory of causality or cause and effect relationship is the guiding force shaping the research question of the study undertaken which has also been the basis of scientific enquiry since ancient times. This theory basically explains the universal phenomenon of a cause leading to an effect. In the context of the study undertaken this forms the construct that low wages have led to the high rate of employee turnover in the hospitality industry of New Zealand. This will help finding out the answers to the research questions by significantly exploring the distinct role played by wages or remuneration existing and how it effects the employees duration of employment in that industry. Studies have showed that wages or earnings are the sole purpose of employees to continue their association in any organization (Pascoe, 2017). The motivation to work is dependent on the salaries they receive in turn for the efforts they put in to deliver as employees. If the salaries they receive are at par with the services they deliver as employees they are more motivated to stay for longer durations in that particular job and similarly are de motivated if the wages are low (Brien, Thomas Brown, 2017). This theory will therefore helpful in the course of study. References Brien, A., Thomas, N. J., Brown, E. A. (2017). How hotel employee job-identity impacts the hotel industry: The uncomfortable truth.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,31, 235-243. Cropp, A. (2016).Hotel staff shortages spell trouble for tourism.Stuff. Retrieved 21 July 2017, from https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/75646138/hotel-staff-shortages-spell-trouble-for-tourism. Hall, C. M., Rusher, K. (2013). Risky lifestyles? Entrepreneurial characteristics of the New Zealand bed and breakfast sector.Small in Firms Tourism, Michael, HC and K. Rusher (Eds.). Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 83-98. Hatch, P. (2016).Hospitality hit hard by mining downturn.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 July 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/hospitality-hit-hard-by-mining-downturn-abs-figures-show-20160404-gnxn3q.html Mohsin, A., Lengler, J., Aguzzoli, R. (2015). Staff turnover in hotels: Exploring the quadratic and linear relationships. Tourism Management,51, 35-48. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Pascoe, M. (2017).Why penalty rates for shift workers should be sharply higher.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 July 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/why-penalty-rates-for-shift-workers-should-be-sharply-higher-20170223-guk5vo.html Poulston, J., Jenkins, A. (2016). Barriers to the employment of older hotel workers in New Zealand.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,15(1), 45-68. Shen, Y., Morrison, A. M., Wu, B., Park, J., Li, C., Li, M. (2014). Where in the world? A geographic analysis of a decade of research in tourism, hospitality, and leisure journals.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research.

Witchcraft, Oracles Magic Among The Azande ( EE Evans-Pritchard ) free essay sample

Examines work on beliefs practices of primitive Sudanese group the implications for nature of Western reality the human mind. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, in Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic Among the Azande, poses essential questions about human thought in his examination of the central role of witchcraft and magic among these Southern Sudanese people. Primarily, Evans-Pritchards study brings into question the nature of reality itself, and the relationship of reality and the human mind. Examining this book, the Western reader might be tempted to dismiss the Azande as an absurdly superstitious people with little or no connection to the real and scientific world of cause and effect which that reader is convinced is the one and only reality. However, the reader would be more wise if he considered the often less than rational nature of his own culture and its belief systems. For example, in San Diego, California, recently, in the..

Sample Essay on Immigration

Sample Essay on ImmigrationIt is important to write a sample essay on immigration as it gives an opportunity to your academic writing skills. Sample essays are used by universities and colleges to evaluate students' papers. One of the best ways to do this is by writing a sample essay on immigration. The essay sample is normally a brief description of some of the points you want to make in your essay.The following tips will help you become a better writer in English. You can also use these tips for other academic writing tasks such as discussing topics that interest you in your essay. These tips will also help you avoid common mistakes and help you get the most out of your essay.Use short paragraphs: It is best to be concise when writing a sample essay on immigration. A simple, short paragraph may give you the advantage of writing a more concise version of your essay. The number of words in your sample essay on immigration will depend on the topic you wish to discuss.Take samples from real life: Examples are easier to use than real life examples. Also, you will be able to draw inspiration from examples that are already available. Take note of how and when the examples were used in order to reflect your own writing style.Practice makes a great technique. Do not forget that when you are writing your essay, you need to put effort in each section. Writing a sample essay on immigration can be challenging, but it does not mean that it is impossible to be successful.It is a good idea to use a highlighter so that you will be able to highlight certain key words or phrases throughout your essay. Look for the right colors and fonts to highlight. Sometimes using a multiple-colour head can help you separate certain groups of words. This will help youto become more aware of what you need to emphasize and take away from your essay.Never forget to rewrite your essay several times. This is also an effective way to become familiar with the conventions of academic writing. Repeati ng the same mistakes will only make your essay less impressive than it was initially.Using a sample essay on immigration will help you in making sure that your essay is well written and will contain all the necessary information to help the reader understand your position on the immigration issue. The best way to write a sample essay on immigration is to become more comfortable with this type of writing.

How does H G Wells convey fear in The Red Room Essay Example

How does H G Wells convey fear in The Red Room Essay Example How does H G Wells convey fear in The Red Room Paper How does H G Wells convey fear in The Red Room Paper Essay Topic: Literature What is fear? Fear is an emotion caused by threat of some form of harm, it is something manifested in bravado or symptoms of anxiety, and is prompting a decision to fight the threat of escape from it. People fear the unanticipated and are concurrently captivated with it. Fear is an emotion that horror movies play on to frighten viewers making them anxious of things that do not even exist. Fear is danger and danger is harm. Fear can be envisioned through the colour red, a symbol for danger. By using the word red in the title the author, H G Wells, shows some sort of danger or fear in the story. Red is usually associated with fear and danger. He shows fear by showing the narrator to be a very cocky and confident person. He gradually changes his mood when he experiences fear. The title The red room gives a creepy feeling to the reader, the red obviously stands for danger and the room creates an imagination in the readers minds, telling them it is a haunted room and may also create an imagination of what it looks like. H G Wells has conveyed fear logically is the depiction of the surroundings. This castle is very spooky and has an eerie atmosphere: chilly, echoing passages, pallid silence, old fashioned furniture and germinating darkness. H G Wells in this sense creates the perfect horror movie atmosphere and environment. The author uses the imagery technique within his writing. It will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me. The quote shows that he was not scared at all in the beginning but as the story goes on he realizes the fear. The narrator wanted to visit the red room to prove that it was not hunted and that all the conference of ghost was in the residents imagination. He considered himself to be courageous since it would take a tangible ghost to scare him. The author, H G Wells, to create a spooky atmosphere, used repetitive techniques. So that mystery sticks in the readers mind and the readers are intrigued to read on. For example Its your own choosing, said the man with the withered arm once more. This quote is used five times by the narrator. This demonstrates that there is definitely something not so correct in the room the narrator is about to visit. The man with the withered arm warns he narrator but he still decides to go. The author creates a mystery by giving all the characters no names. The reader becomes anxious. No names are mentioned because fear happens to everyone, so that the reader can identify more whats happened in the story, as they can correspond to anyone of us! We can relate to the story and its theme of fear. A man with a withered arm warned the visitor that he if he were to visit the Red Room he would go alone. The writer describes the people at the house with physical defects they seem strange. It creates an eerie in the story. It shows that there is something erroneous with the people. This is a technique used by the writer to create an atmosphere of trepidation in the story. H G Wells has written the story The Red Room as if the author is in the first person narrative. This is so that the reader can imagine that they are part of the action of the story. Example: I can assure you, said I, that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me. In this quote the author, H G Wells has written the words as if the person, who said these lines, is not petrified of anything at all. It seems as if he is extremely brave. He was showing no fear of danger in daunting matters. He also expresses this character to be courageous and ignorant as he does not take any notice of the cautions he has been informed of. H G Wells uses short clauses to show that he is panicking in his thoughts. Example: The door creaked, on its hinges, as a second old man entered, more bent, more wrinkled, more aged, even that the first. H G Wells writes these small phases deliberately so that as the readers are reading the story in their minds can go though the action quickly. My candles was a little tongue of life, once again the author is trying to create a spooky atmosphere. He exploits characterization to show fear. He brings the candle to life to add an overall frightening environment. He also uses many adjectives to convey an eerie, spooky atmosphere such as, decaying, yellow teeth withered, creaked. My hands trembled so much that twice I missed the rough paper of the matchbox. Why did his hands tremble? Why was he acting so terrified? He was catching nerves and was beginning to tremble because he was too scared. It now starts to show that he was not so brave after all and it really did not take a tangible ghost to frighten him. H G Wells is trying to tell the readers that the visitor was scared by his action. On this lay my revolver ready to my hands He had to feel that he had to defend his self, when he said that he was not scared of anything in the red room. He thought that he has to feel safe with keeping a revolver with him. Soon further on in the story he gets incredibly terrified and starts to believe that there is some thing in the red room but it was all in his mind. The conversation he had with the people down stairs started to create an imagination within his mind, this caused him to act in such a way. The author has shown that, in fear, your imagination runs wild as the visitor thought that a shadow came sweeping up after him and one fled before him. Embodiment is used once more to create a daunting atmosphere. He completely changed the way he felt from the beginning till the end. At first he went in the red room very secure but comes out with a shocking feeling, his imagination takes over his body. It was all in his mind. Fear is always everywhere. Everyone is petrified of something. H G Wells uses certain terminology to arise fear in the readers mind, as he says how the visitor experiences a sudden twinge of apprehension. This shows that the visitors attitude and viewpoints have changed significantly. Further on in the story the visitor starts to act hastily and abruptly. The visitor is now losing his patience as he undergoes a considerable nervous tension. At the beginning of the story the visitor states publicly that it would only take a tangible ghost to frighten him. And he admits that the room that he was so concerned and inquisitive to visit was haunted. Fear is everywhere and is in every human person. Even some animals have fear for other animals. Fear is inside every person. Fear is natural. Fear brings out what a person feels, his feelings. Obviously no one actually likes to show that they fear of something or their weaknesses. No one can hide fear even if they act as if they are so courageous and fearless. In my judgment H G Wells has done extremely well to generate fear in The Red Room. In such a short story he has conveyed fear in a very superior technique.

Biography of Samuel Morse, Inventor of the Telegraph

Biography of Samuel Morse, Inventor of the Telegraph Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791–April 2, 1872) is famous as the inventor of the telegraph and Morse Code, but what he really wanted to do was paint. He was a well-established artist when his youthful interest in electronics resurfaced, leading to the communications invention that changed humanity until it was overshadowed by the telephone, radio, television, and, finally, the internet. Fast Facts: Samuel F.B. Morse Known For: Inventor of the telegraphBorn: April 27, 1791 in Charlestown, MassachusettsParents: Jedidiah Morse, Elizabeth Ann Finley BreeseDied: April 2, 1872 in New York, New YorkEducation: Yale College (now Yale University)Spouse(s): Lucretia Pickering Walker, Sarah Elizabeth GriswoldChildren: Susan, Charles, James, Samuel, Cornelia, William, EdwardNotable Quote: What hath God wrought? Early Life and Education Samuel F.B. Morse was born on April 27, 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the first child of noted geographer and Congregational minister Jedidiah Morse and Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese. His parents were committed to his schooling and the Calvinist faith. His early education at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, was undistinguished, except for his interest in art. He next enrolled in Yale College (now Yale University) at age 14, where he focused on art but found a new interest in the little-studied subject of electricity. He earned money by painting small portraits of friends, classmates, and teachers before graduating in 1810 with Phi Beta Kappa honors. He returned to Charlestown after college. Despite his wishes to be a painter and encouragement from famed American painter Washington Allston, Morses parents wanted him to be a booksellers apprentice. He became a clerk for Daniel Mallory, his fathers Boston book publisher. Trip to England A year later, Morses parents relented and let him sail to England with Allston. He attended the Royal Academy of Arts in London and received instruction from Pennsylvania-born painter Benjamin West. Morse became friends with poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, several accomplished painters, and American actor John Howard Payne. He adopted a â€Å"romantic† painting style featuring heroic characters and epic events.  In 1812, his plaster statuette The Dying Hercules won a gold medal at the Adelphi Society of Arts exhibition in London, and his painting of the same subject received critical acclaim at the Royal Academy. Family Morse returned to the U.S. in 1815 and opened an art studio in Boston. The next year, seeking portrait commissions to earn a living, he traveled to New Hampshire and met Lucretia Pickering Walker, 16, in Concord. They soon became engaged. Morse painted some of his most notable work at this time, including portraits of military leader  Marquis de Lafayette  and President  George Washington.   On Sept. 29, 1818, Lucretia Walker and Morse were married in Concord. Morse spent the winter in Charleston, South Carolina, and received many portrait commissions there. The couple spent the rest of the year painting in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. A year later, Morses first child was born. While living with his family in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1821, Morse painted more distinguished individuals, including cotton gin inventor Eli Whitney and dictionary compiler Noah Webster. Morses second child was born in 1823 and his third child arrived two years later, but tragedy followed. One month after the birth of his third child, Lucretia Morse died suddenly at age 25 and was buried in New Haven before he could return. Interest in Electricity Resurfaces In 1827, Columbia College Professor James Freeman Dana presented a series of lectures on electricity and electromagnetism at the New York Athenaeum, where Morse also lectured. Through their friendship, Morse became more familiar with the properties of his earlier interest. In November 1829, leaving his children in the care of relatives, Morse left for a three-year tour of Europe, where he visited friends Lafayette and novelist James Fenimore Cooper, studied art collections, and painted. While raising his family, painting, lecturing on art, and viewing works by the old masters, Morses fascination with electronics and inventions never disappeared. In 1817, he and his brother Sidney patented a human-powered water pump for fire engines that worked but was a commercial failure. Five years later, Morse invented a marble-cutting machine that could carve three-dimensional sculptures, but it couldnt be patented because it infringed on an earlier design. Meanwhile, advances in electronics had been moving the world closer to a device that could send messages over vast distances. In 1825, British physicist and inventor William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet, which would be a key component of the telegraph. Six years later, American scientist Joseph Henry developed a more powerful electromagnet and demonstrated how it could send electric signals over long distances, suggesting the possibility of a device such as the telegraph. In 1832, on his voyage home from Europe, Morse conceived the idea of an electromagnetic telegraph during conversations with another passenger, a doctor who described to Morse European experiments with electromagnetism. Inspired, Morse wrote in his sketchbook ideas for a prototype of an electromagnetic recording telegraph and a dot-and-dash code system that would bear his name. Later that year, Morse was appointed professor of painting and sculpture at the University of the City of New York (now New York University), but he continued to work on the telegraph. Developing the Telegraph In the fall of 1835, Morse built a recording telegraph with a moving paper ribbon and demonstrated it to friends and acquaintances. The next year he demonstrated his prototype to a professor of science at the university. Over the next several years, Morse demonstrated his invention to friends, professors, a House of Representatives committee, President Martin Van Buren, and his cabinet. He took on several partners who helped with the science and financing, but his work also began to attract competitors. On Sept. 28, 1837, Morse began the patent process for the telegraph. By November he was able to send a message through 10 miles of wire arranged on reels in a university lecture room. The next month, after completing the paintings he was working on, Morse set aside his art to devote his full attention to the telegraph. At this point, other men- including the doctor on Morses 1832 return voyage from Europe and several European inventors- were claiming credit for the telegraph. The claims were resolved and in 1840 Morse was granted a U.S. patent for his device. Lines were strung between many cities, and on May 24, 1844, Morse sent his famous message- What hath God wrought?- from the Supreme Court chamber in Washington, D.C., to the B O Railroad Depot in Baltimore, Maryland. By 1849, an estimated 12,000 miles of telegraph lines were being run by 20 American companies in the United States. In 1854, the Supreme Court upheld Morses patent claims, meaning that all U.S. companies using his system had to pay him royalties. On Oct. 24, 1861, Western Union completed the first transcontinental telegraph line to California. After several breaks, a permanent undersea Atlantic Cable was finally laid in 1866. New Family Back in 1847 Morse, already a wealthy man, had bought Locust Grove, an estate overlooking the Hudson River near Poughkeepsie, New York. The next year he married Sarah Elizabeth Griswold, a second cousin 26 years his junior. The couple had four children together. In the 1850s, he built an Italian villa-style mansion on the Locust Grove property and spent his summers there with his large family of children and grandchildren, returning each winter to his brownstone in New York. Death On April 2, 1872, Samuel Morse died in New York. He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Legacy Morses invention changed the world, as it was used by the military during engagements, newspaper reporters filing stories from the field, far-flung businesses, and others. After his death, his fame as the inventor of the telegraph was obscured by other communication devices- the telephone, radio,  television, and the  internet- while his reputation as an artist grew. At one time he didnt want to be remembered as a portrait painter, but his powerful, sensitive portraits have been exhibited throughout the United States. His 1837 telegraph instrument is in the  Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History in Washington,  D.C. His Locust Grove estate is a national historic landmark. Sources Samuel F.B. Morse: American Artist and Inventor. Encyclopedia Britannica.Samuel F.B. Morse: Inventor. Biography.com.

Assignment2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment2 - Coursework Example The customer noticed that there was a problem with his skin and he starts making a research about the perfect cure for that by searching online, consulting a doctor, or asking a group of friend. After that, the customer can make a decision about what he wants. Next is the actual purchase of the facial product and finally, a post-purchase evaluation. When the customer was asked why she bought the facial mask she replied, â€Å"For treatment.† When asked why the mask is important to her, she says the product will treat black head and even tone making her to have a better skin and appearance. By having a better skin and appearance, she replied that she would be beautiful, healthy, and bright. Therefore, we know something about the features of the facial mask and her perception of the benefit which she has gained by that product’s feature (good health, beauty, and brightness). On the other hand, when asked â€Å"How do you feel when you are using the mask?† she repli es â€Å"Relax and calm.† In this case, it can conclude that the benefit of using the facial mask for treatment is crucial to this customer since it results in the valued end state of self-esteem. In this regard, the customer responded that the benefit of using the facial mask was self-esteem (relaxed and calm) as well as for beauty, brightness, and good health. The process of establishing links between features, benefits, and valued end states is termed as a laddering interview. It involves asking a customer repeatedly to identify the reason why something is important to her. As cited by Kuester (2012), a brand delivers the benefits which the customer truly desires. Branding also assists the customers to remember the product. The customer bought a facial mask of the Clearance brand not because of the product’s attributes but because of those attributes, combined with the brand’s image and many other intangible and tangible factors that created an attractive whole. In the same way,

Individual Letter Element Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Letter Element - Essay Example In order to top the elite clubs in England and Europe, there exist a number of drivers from the external environment of the club that could be significant in the evolution: international fan base, online merchandise and club marketing, and the club’s loyal owners. Being a football franchise, Arsenal FC greatly relies on the support of fans. Arsenal FC has a huge fan base on the international scene. However, there are millions of unhooked fans that could provide a perfect customer base for the clubs merchandise, assets that collect about 11% of the club’s revenue. Revenue is bound to grow and so is the club’s superiority given the influence that fans usually have on the players. With a huge and loyal fan base, players are likely to work extra hard to avoid being letdowns. Arsenal FC has potential to attract more fans given its current numbers, with statistics showing that Nigeria alone has more fans of Arsenal than the total number of Arsenal fans in the UK alone. Additional PESTEL analysis factors will emphasize the club’s ability to achieve this. The internet has revolutionized into one of the biggest sole market place globally through ecommerce. Online market force opportunity for Arsenal is another key driver that could change the fortunes of its revenues and increase the ability of its fans in getting its merchandise. The current online statistics stand at over 50 million subscribers to its Facebook and twitter page, site, and its online store. The arsenal marketing outfit needs to focus more on online marketing and strive to implement the stalled Click and Collect service. The last key factor that puts Arsenal FC at a position of extensive growth and change is its ownership team that is entirely committed to the core values that run the club. The club has the ability to maintain this by avoiding any frequent change of management witnessed in other major clubs in the country. The above key drivers for change were determined using a framework of PESTEL that ensured viability and realism. The Political factor (P) provides favorable environment by letting football franchises operate independently thus independence. With independence, the club ownership of Arsenal FC is liberal enough to do anything under their sleeve that would improve the club’s fortunes. The steady revenue income for the club is a key Economic factor (E) to count on in ensuring enough capital in online marketing and increasing the international fan base through numerous promotions. The stable economic situation globally has enabled emergence of a population class that is stable enough to involve in fun activities such as football. This is a Social factor (S) that ensures availability of potential fans for the club. Literacy level in IT matters in the society have increased, facilitating a possibility of high access to online material, a strategy Arsenal intends to market itself. Technology (T) has ensured the availability of internet and numerous smart devices that would enable easy implementation of Arsenal’s online marketing strategies. In implementing all the key drivers, care was taken not to violate any Environmental factors (E) thus avoiding pollutants of any kind. For the Legal factors (L) Arsenal’s self-sustaining business model of operation shield’s it from legal confrontations by not infringing any competition law that governs English football. Arsenal has a number of strengths and an equal share of weaknesses

Indian Cyber Warfare Capability | An Analysis

Indian Cyber Warfare Capability | An Analysis India is getting rapidly wired to the information superhighway. As India gets connected to the global village, asymmetric IW threat posed by the adversaries as well as non-state actors would be on the rise. With always ON broadband connections through DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines), Cable modems and 3G (third generation) cellular networks, widely spread across homes and offices, the cyber threat potential, has become more pronounced. As per, Mr. S.K. Gupta, Advisor (CN IT), TRAI, the definition of broadband has been modified to include only those services that offer access speeds of 512 kbps from 01 Jan 2011. This is expected to be upgraded to 2 Mbps network speeds from Jan 2015  [1]  . As brought out earlier India has carried a niche for itself in the IT Sector. Indias reliance on technology also reflects from the fact that India is shifting gears by entering into facets of e-governance. Ever since the launch of the largest software project implemented in India, the Country Wide Network for Computerised Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing (CONCERT) for the Indian Railways in 1986  [2]  , India has now brought sectors like income tax, passports, visa under the realm of e-governance. Sectors like police and judiciary are to follow. The travel sector is also heavily reliant on this. Most of the Indian banks have gone on full-scale computerisation. This has also brought in concepts of e-commerce and e-banking. The stock markets have also not remained immune. To create havoc in the country these are lucrative targets to paralyze the economic and financial institutions. The damage done can be catastrophic and irreversible. Fig-1 Indias Information Infrastructure (Source CERT-India). India currently occupies a leading position in the IT outsourcing and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry. India is ideally situated in South Asia, offering a 10-12 hour time differential to North America and Europe that together encompass nearly 80 percent of the global IT business. The time zone difference ensures round the clock productivity for these nations wanting to outsource their software as well as other services requirements  [3]  . Indias total revenue due to IT and BPO outsourcing was US$33 billion, which is estimated to grow to US$60 billion by the end of year 2011. Datamonitor, a leading UK-based business information company, research indicates that 67-72% of costs to call centers operating in the US/UK are directly linked to man power costs. India, on the other hand spends only 33-40% of costs on man power. This includes training, benefits and other incentives for labor  [4]  . 83 per cent of Indian businesses had reported a security breach (against th e global 64 per cent) and 42 per cent of these had three or more breaches (as of Sept 2004). Existing Counter Cyber Security Initiatives. Having realised the importance of racing ahead of its adversaries in cyberspace, the Indian Govt has put in place various initiatives. Salient features of these initiatives have been discussed in succeeding paragraphs. NASSCOM is in the process of setting up the Data Security Council of India (DSCI) as a Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO) to establish, popularize, monitor and enforce privacy and data protection standards for Indias IT ITeS industry. National Informatics Centre (NIC). A premier organisation providing network backbone and e-governance support to the Central Government, State Governments, Union Territories, Districts and other Governments bodies. It provides wide range of information and communication technology services including nationwide communication Network for decentralized planning improvement in Government services and wider transparency of national and local governments. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (Cert-In). Cert-In is the most important constituent of Indias cyber community. Cert-In is a functional organisation of Dept of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Govt of India, operational since 2004, with the objective of securing Indian Cyber space. It serves as a national agency for computer incident response. Its mandate states, ensure security of cyber space in the country by enhancing the security communications and information infrastructure, through proactive action and effective collaboration aimed at security incident prevention and response as well as security assurance. National Information Security Assurance Programme (NISAP). This is for Government and critical infrastructures, highlights are:  ­ Government and critical infrastructures should have a security policy and create a point of contact. (b) Mandatory for organizations to implement security control and report any security incident to Cert-In. Cert-In to create a panel of auditor for IT security. (d) All organizations to be subject to a third party audit from this panel once a year. (e) Cert-In to be reported about security compliance on periodic basis by the organizations. Indo-US Cyber Security Forum (IUSCSF). Under this forum (set up in 2001) high power delegations from both side met and several initiatives were announced. Highlights are:  ­ Setting up an India Information Sharing and Analysis Centre (ISAC) for better cooperation in anti-hacking measures. Setting up India Anti Bot Alliance to raise awareness about the emerging threats in cyberspace by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Ongoing cooperation between Indias Standardization Testing and Quality Certification (STQC) and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) would be expanded to new areas. The RD group will work on the hard problems of cyber security. Cyber forensics and anti-spasm research. Chalked the way for intensifying bilateral cooperation to control cyber-crime between the two countries. Challenges and Concerns. Some challenges and concerns are highlighted below:  ­ (a) Lack of awareness and the culture of cyber security at individual as well as institutional level. (b) Lack of trained and qualified manpower to implement the counter measures. (c) Too many information security organisations which have become weak due to turf wars or financial compulsions. (d) A weak IT Act which has become redundant due to non-exploitation and age old cyber laws. (e) No e-mail account policy especially for the defence forces, police and the agency personnel. (f) Cyber-attacks have come not only from terrorists but also from neighboring countries inimical to our National interests. Recommendations. Certain recommendations are given below:  ­ Need to sensitize the common citizens about the dangers of cyber terrorism. Cert-in should engage academic institutions and follow an aggressive strategy. (b) Joint efforts by all Government agencies including defence forces to attract qualified skilled personnel for implementation of counter measures. (c) Cyber security not to be given more lip service and the organisations dealing with the same should be given all support. No bureaucratic dominance should be permitted. (d) Agreements relating to cyber security should be given the same importance as other conventional agreements. (e) More investment in this field in terms of finance and manpower. (f) Indian agencies working after cyber security should also keep a close vigil on the developments in the IT sector of our potential adversaries. National security adviser M K Narayanan set up the National Technology Research Organization, which is also, involved in assessing cyber security threats. But the cyber security forum of the National Security Council has become defunct after the US spy incident. This has scarred the Indian establishment so badly that its now frozen in its indecision. This has seriously hampered Indias decision-making process in cyber warfare. Cyber attacks usually happen very quickly and often with great stealth. Critical war fighting operations must continue to function effectively while under cyber attack. India is yet to formulate a framework to evolve suitable response to PLA cyber warfare developments. Organisations in the pipeline. After being at the receiving end of cyber attacks from across the border for many years, India is preparing a blueprint for undertaking counter cyber warfare on unfriendly countries. According to a proposal being considered by the National Security Council, Indian agencies may be told to enhance capabilities to exploit weaknesses in the information systems of other countries and also collect online intelligence of key military activities. The proposal includes setting up laboratories in research institutions to simulate cyber attacks with the help of ethical hackers. These laboratories would be used for training intelligence agencies for offensive and defensive cyber warfare techniques. Personnel working in this area may be given legal immunity for carrying out these activities. The blueprint is likely to be put into action by the National Technical Research Organisation, the Defence Intelligence Agency and the Defence Research and Development Organisation. The plan also talks about setting up early-warning capabilities about impending attacks on the countrys information systems and developing expertise in cyber forensics, which includes tools that focus on acquiring information from attacked systems to find out sources of attacks. The Government is looking at setting up a National Testing Facility that will certify all imported software and hardware procured for key information systems. Security agencies are concerned about spyware or malware embedded into imported products which can be used by unfriendly countries to disrupt key sectors. The proposed testing facility will be on the lines of the Trust Technology Assessment Programme in the US. In order to secure key areas such as banking, Defence, the Railways, civil aviation, atomic energy and oil and gas, it is being proposed to set up a Computer Emergency Response Team for each of these sectors. Privileged information suggests the Indian government could seriously consider creating the position of a cyber security czar whose mandate would be to fundamentally overhaul cyber security and bring the currently fragmented networks under a clearly defined structure. The overhaul will demand a whole new approach outside the bureaucratic confines considering that it necessarily requires tapping the cyber security community constituted by young professionals in their 20s and 30s. Since this community is used to working in a highly non-hierarchical environment with a great deal of personal freedom the government will have to use the office of the cyber security czar as its interface with the young professionals. Threats Faced by Indian Cyberspace. Although cyber security had already been coming under government focus for some time now, a 10-month-long investigation by the University of Torontos Munk Centre for International Studies, Canadian security firm SecDev Group and US-based cyber sleuthing organisation Shadow server Foundation has added extra urgency to the task. The investigators have issued a report titled Shadows in the Cloud: An investigation into cyber espionage 2.0 which highlights how Indias defence establishment was seriously penetrated by cyber attackers based in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province in southwest China. The report exposes widespread penetration of computer systems at the National Security Council Secretariat, which is part of the Prime Ministers Office, Indian diplomatic missions in Kabul, Moscow, Dubai and Abuja, Military Engineer Services, Military Educational Institutions, the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, the National Maritime Foundation and some corporations. It is hard to quantify the damage the information obtained by the hackers can cause, but it could be potentially significant. The report has served to highlight serious flaws and vulnerabilities in Indias official information networks. Those who know how the systems work point to a lack of discipline in even seemingly trivial details such as senior government officials in sensitive positions still using email addresses on Yahoo, Hotmail and Gmail. They say inasmuch as no email system can be made foolproof, these free accounts are even less so. Even the use of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter are known to be prone to systematic attacks. Apart from the inherent interest in Indias defence and other establishments because of its rise as a major power, there is also another reason why the country has emerged as an important target. Its position as home to large IT companies which are in turn repositories of vast global information also makes India particularly attractive to hackers. In a sense hacking India could lead to a great deal of diverse economic, financial, health and other forms of valuable intelligence. One of the primary mandates of any future cyber security czar would be to create a multi-layered security system around its national assets in a manner that no single successful penetration would yield a treasure trove of information in one place. The cyber security czar could also be mandated to lay down standards and code of conduct for those in the government handling data of certain sensitive nature. Informed sources say the czar would report to the National Security Advisor and would often end up operating outside the traditional command and control structure of the Indian bureaucracy because of the kind of monitoring the office would be expected to do. One specific approach that the Indian government might have to consider adopting relates to what in industry parlance are known as defensive and offensive hackers. While the formers job would be to ensure strong defences against all attacks, that of the latter would be to actively be part of hackers worldwide who perform the role of flooding malware or malicious software codes used to infiltrate large systems. Such participation is crucial to pre-empting attacks. It is in this context that the Canadian investigation makes an interesting point. Under the section Patriotic Hacking the report says, The PRC has a vibrant hacker community that has been tied to targeted attacks in the past and has been linked through informal channels to elements of the Chinese state, although the nature and extent of the connections remain unclear. One common theme regarding attribution relating to attacks emerging from the PRC concerns variations of privateering model in which the state authorizes priva te persons to perform attacks against enemies of the state. Unlike China, which has developed a sizable community of defensive as well as offensive hackers, India has not even begun to evolve a cohesive approach to what cyber security experts regard as a decisive aspect of the information technology-driven world. Since the government cannot officially or even unofficially recruit these hackers, it will have to find creative ways to utilize their services and create enough indirect protections in the event some of them run afoul of law-enforcement agencies which may not know about their existence. This is clearly a grey area which many cyber security experts say is a necessary evil. It is conceivable that India may have to create its own version of patriotic hackers if it has to effectively thwart hacking attacks.