Peace Essay :: essays research papers

China and Iran: Transition to Democracy      Throughout the course of history, there have been Communist, Socialist, Democratic governments and autocracies, yet the most fair type of government has been Democracy. All these various types of government have been effective sooner or later, however in today’s world all together for the procedure of democratization to succeed, numerous components must be positive for progress to be accomplished. In this article, the democratization of China and Iran will be examined. One has been effective where different has not developed. The procedure and elements that lead to their current results will be talked about.  â â â â The democratization of China had been an extremely moderate procedure. China’s procedure of democratization has been long in coming, â€Å"for a long time since the Opium War, China has battled through innumerable convoluted ways in quest for democratization. A great many individuals with elevated standards yielded for it; various them were slaughtered by the individuals who opposed democratization, however significantly more kicked the bucket because of inner conflicts.†1 These passings were not futile, they showed the individuals of China an entirely important exercise and after the Cultural Revolution(1966 to 1969), which was a urgent period when numerous political and social changes were started, the individuals of China began to acknowledge these political changes. â€Å"The authenticity of the Communist government had been depleted. Social Revolution brought up issues to the Chinese about the authenticity of the previous socialist regime.†2      There were numerous occasions that prompted the democratization. The episode at Tiananmen Square was a significant occasion (June 1989) in twentieth century Chinese history, just as one of the reasons for the destruction of socialism in numerous nations. During this episode understudies walked and exhibited against the CCP. It was viewed by the world by means of TV, it denoted the start of the third time of present day Chinese international strategy. The first was coterminous with Mao Zedong’s rule, 1949-1976, and the second was coterminous with the monetary change development of 1977-1988, drove by Deng Xiaoping. Under Mao, Beijing’s international strategy was resolved for the most part by household factors. The first of these was progressive governmental issues. The most significant local change was substitution of Maoist radicalism by Dengist down to earth control and a comparing shift from the power of governmental issues to that of financial aspects. â€Å"Tiananmen represented the start of the finish of socialist principle in China, added as far as possible of Marxism-Leninism all inclusive, and influenced China’s outside relations in two different ways.

How Does the Phonology of a One Year Old Differ

How does the phonology of a one year old contrast from that of a two-multi year old? Portray the primary changes not out of the ordinary over the principal year of word use. A kid somewhere in the range of one and three years experiences significant improvement in their phonological capacity (Ingram, 1986). They embrace explicit phonological procedures and it will be investigated when and how kids utilize these to accomplish exact elocutions and how singular contrasts influence phonological turn of events. Grunwell (1981) proposes that the initial a half year of profitable language advancement (0. 9-1. a long time) is word-based, as a result of the constrained phonetic variations and dynamic changes in articulation. Be that as it may, he proposes 1. 6-2. 0 years is the finish of the principal phase of discourse improvement, which is co-occurrent with the accomplishment of a functioning jargon of 50 words. Menn and Vihman (2011) propose that these early words equal chattering, in that they are described by plain components and structures, for example, plosives, nasals and floats; straightforward vowels and CV structures. This phase of improvement in a child’s stock might be portrayed as a ‘proto-system’, as the youngster structures don't take after grown-up words (Grunwell, 1981).However, the child’s early phonetic stock (table 1) proposes that the kid has a fundamental contrastive framework and shows that their phonological framework has started, which will see an expansion in new words and the rise of two-word expressions (Grunwell, 1981). m| n| p b| t d| w| | Table 1: A phonetic stock of a kid 1. 6-2. 0 years (Grunwell, 1981). Grunwell (1981) presents a ‘chronology of phonological processes’ (p175) which mirrors a child’s phonological advancement as far as the vanishing of disentangling forms between 2. 0-4. a long time. These procedures are summed up in table 2 and show that reduplication and consonant concordan ce are the main basic disentanglement forms grown out of by age two, which concur with the discoveries of Vihman and Greenlee (1987). Basic improvement is commonly run of the mill of the previous phase of phonological turn of events (Vihman, 2004). Be that as it may, phonological procedures; last consonant erasure, group decrease, fronting, coasting and halting are routinely utilized by youngsters until about age three, with less predictable use from there on (Vihman et al, 1986).Vihman (2004) states that half of her three-year-old subjects utilized floating and palatal fronting, yet the replacement of between dental fricatives were consistently utilized by all subjects and are related with the most elevated recurrence of blunders. Table 2 proposes that velar fronting specifically is the main fundamental disentanglement to be grown out of, at 2. 6 years. In spite of this, it shows that obstruents don't happen in a child’s stock until age three, and that these must be aced bef ore obstruent and fluid groups can be created effectively (Vihman, 2004).Vihman and Greenlee (1987) show that the particular phonetic inclinations saw at age one appear as inconsequential to the phonological mistakes at age three and propose that phonetic inclinations change after some time. Vihman (2004) recommends that kids with an exploratory way to deal with phonological improvement investigate a wide scope of sounds at age one and were bound to erase consonants at age three, though youngsters with a deliberate methodology compel their assertion choice examples at age one and are more averse to utilize entire word forms at age three (Vihman, 2004).However, Vihman and Greenlee (1987) show that 73% of children’s articulations at age three were made a decision about clear, which associates with lower phonological blunder scores. Taking everything into account, singular contrasts are a huge in ones phonological framework and tricky in summing up ‘normal’ advancem ents. Be that as it may, a multi year old youngster will have by and large relative phonological development (Vihman and Greenlee, 1987) and most of improving phonological procedures utilized at age one will no longer apply consistently (Vihman, 2004). References Grunwell, P. 1981) The advancement of Phonology: A Desciptive Profile. First Language. 2: 161-191 Ingram, D (1986) Ch10: Phonological Development: Production. In Fletcher, P and Garman, M. Language procurement pp223-239 CUP: UK second Edition Menn, L. and Vihman, M. M. (2011) Part V: Features in Phonological turn of events: Features in Child Phonology: Inherent, Emergent, or Artifacts of Analysis? In Clements, N. G and Ridouane, R (Ed) Where do Phonological Features Come From? Psychological, Physical and formative bases of particular discourse classifications. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p259-303 Vihman, M. M (2004) Ch3: Later Phonological Development. In Bernthal, J. E and Bankson, N. W, Articulation and Phonologica l Disorders, pp105-138. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. fifth Edition. Vihman, M. M. , Ferguson, A. and Elbert, M (1986) Phonological advancement from chattering to discourse: normal inclinations and individual contrasts. Applied Pyscholinguistics, 7: 3-40 Vihman, M. M. and Greenlee, M. (1987) Individual Differences in Phonological Development: Ages one and three years Journal of discourse and hearing exploration. 30: 503-521

Analyze the Tension Rising Between the Northern and Southern States Between the Time Period of the 1800-1860’s Essay

From 1800 to 1860 the connection between the Northern, and Southern States deteriorated and the danger for the development of 2 coordinate associations was moving closer. This change on the relationship can be credited to mechanical improvement to a genuinely enormous degree, anyway it ought to be noticed that there are additionally different variables, which contributed, in huge part to this adjustment in the relationship. Modern advancement was a factor in the connection between the Northern and Southern states with respect to the mechanical blast in the northern states and the making of increment duties, just as the large agents and financiers in the North and the way that Northern Industries didn't require subjugation while Southerners asserted their horticulture society did. As a result of the noteworthy increment in businesses in the North defensive duties, for example, the duty of 1828 welcomed extraordinary strain between the north and the south. The levy of 1828 was keyed the term â€Å"the tax of abominations† by numerous southern as a result of as outrageous rates. This tax under president Jackson was restricted by V. P Calhoun who composed the South Carolina article and fights, which comparably to the Virginia and Kentucky goals under Thomas Jefferson, expressed that the central government didn't reserve the option to fix these duties and that specific is held for the states; Calhoun was a solid backer of the states rights. South Carolina took steps to succeed the association with Calhoun saying â€Å" the association close to our freedom generally dear.. † in light of Jackson’s solid articulation â€Å" our association it should and will be protected. Henry Clay, the extraordinary compromiser, thinks of a trade off for the levy, generously while South Carolina makes a deal to avoid succeeding the association. Levies, for example, the tax of horrifying presences made more noteworthy strain between the North and the South; Which cause for the taxes can to return to the mechanical improvement in the north. Enormous organizations and brokers which like insightful developed in port as a result of the mechanical advancement made more prominent pressures between the north and the south as these investors where in the north. Anyway it ought to be noticed that the significant cowards against the brokers originated from the ranchers in the West . Albeit numerous in the south were against these investors also. Particularly with the production of the bank of the US, at first separated of Alexander Hamilton’s obligation presumption plot and later separated of Henry Clay’s American System. President Jackson attempted to murder the B. U. S by vetoing it considerably after the Supreme Court proclaimed the B. U. S naturally in Mccollugh versus Maryland, 1819. Jackson accepted the B. U. S just preferred the rich northerners and on the grounds that Jackson was an advocator of the normal man, he was against it. Southerners can likewise be believed to conflict with the Bank as it did little to support them. This issue of the Bank, which can be given the name Bank War, caused the relations between the North and the south to turn out to be more regrettable and the mechanical advancement in the North. Additionally the modern advancement further depicted the absence of requirement for subjection in the North. Which turned into a significant issue in the connection between the North and the South as the Southerners’ economy depended on a ranch society, which profited by slaves. The Southern economy depended on cotton gin by Eli Whitney, slaves were presently being utilized to create increasingly more cotton. Cotton which was utilized by the ventures in the South, for example, dress enterprises. Due to this distinction in the economy with the North being mechanical and the South being agrarian. The issue of subjugation expanded the issues in the relations between the North and the South. Anyway notwithstanding the mechanical advancement being a factor in the connection between the northern and southern states it ought to be noticed that the new regions in the west caused significantly more issues between the North and the South. Regardless of that, the connection between the Northern and Southern States from 1800 to 1860 can be in a huge degree in light of the factor of modern turn of events.

Conformity Free Essays

The Price of Nonconformity Defiance is a challenging and strong protection from power or society. In any gathering, regardless of whether an area, group, or school, there is a sure moral and good code that individuals are relied upon to submit to, and subsequently disobedience isn't welcome. Be that as it may, each gathering has its people, individuals who think outside the box and run contrary to the natural order of things. We will compose a custom exposition test on Congruity or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Activities made by people that shake the establishments of a society’s convictions are found in contrary light, and therefore, the individual faces ill will. Dissention and disobedience to a society’s customs lead to extraordinary ramifications for the person. In the novel The Chocolate War, Jerry’s kinship with Roland Goubert break down in relationship with Jerry’s individuality. Famously alluded to as â€Å"The Goober,† Roland is Jerry’s just genuine partner in the novel. The Goober is a serene figure who detests strain and conflict and coexists with Jerry who shares Goober’s mellow conduct (Cormier 100). The chocolate deal, in any case, drives a wedge between the two’s simple fellowship. Goober reacts with dread and fear when Jerry relates his arrangement to deny the chocolates. He beseeches Jerry to assuage the school and sell the chocolates, and Jerry’s void reaction to Goober’s supplication begins the division in their kinship. â€Å"Jerry’s solitary dissent is somewhat propelled by a banner showed in the rear of his Buda 2 storage. It shows a man strolling alone on the sea shore, with a subtitled quote from artist T. S. Eliot: ‘Do I dare upset the universe? ’ Beyond noting this test Jerry has no agreeable clarification for his companion The Goober, or for himself, with respect to why he is as yet declining to sell the chocolates† (Telgen). Therefore, Goober will not take an interest on the football crew, which significantly agitates Jerry and enlarges the gap between them. In the wake of sharing their clashing situations while in transit to the bus station one morning, the two feel isolated. â€Å"They sat in pity. At last, they assembled their books, got up, and strolled peacefully to the transport stop† (Cormier 160). One’s resistance can likewise make him be exposed to mental fighting. Archie Costello has a sharp and upsetting ability for delivering mental harm regarding his matters. Since Jerry resists the Vigils, Archie centers his â€Å"talent† around Jerry. Jerry gets visit, unknown telephones calls at the entire hours of the night. At the point when Jerry answers, there is just quietness; and afterward the individuals on the other line laugh, secretly, at some personal joke (Cormier 191). This plan demonstrates extremely viable in infiltrating into Jerry’s mind. â€Å"In bed again, little in obscurity, Jerry willed his body to extricate, to unwind. Inevitably, rest culled at him with delicate fingers, alleviating ceaselessly the throb. Be that as it may, the telephone rang in his fantasies throughout the night long† (Cormier 220). The morning after his first night call, Jerry goes to his storage and finds that somebody vandalized his banner and sliced his shoes. His banner that propelled his rebelliousness had been spread with something that had all the earmarks of being blue paint, and the message had been basically demolished into a twisted muddle of detached letters (Cormier 192). After this occasion, Jerry feels as though somebody is attempting to send him a purposeful message. Archie further mentally assaults Jerry by furtively taking Jerry’s schoolwork task after he hands it over. Jerry claims he left his watercolor venture on the teacher’s work area the day preceding, yet Buda 3 the substitute, Brother Andrew, questions him. â€Å"Jerry moaned unobtrusively, in acquiescence. He realized that sibling Andrew wouldn’t discover the drawing there. He needed to turn, to filter the essences of the children in the class, to locate that one child who’d be bragging in fulfillment. Hello, you’re getting jumpy, he told himself† (Cormier 195). Regardless of the considerable number of plots against him, Jerry chooses to continue upsetting the universe. Tragically, more issues definitely follow as Jerry turns out to be firm in his conviction. Jerry is made an outsider according to the understudies at Trinity. Archie states that no one characterizes the Vigils and pulls off it (Cormier 148). As one strategy for rebuffing Jerry, the Vigils try isolating Jerry and transforming him into a pariah. The Vigils accomplish this by meddling with the chocolate deal. The Vigils rally school support for the chocolate deal and ensure each kid meets his portion of fifty boxes aside from Jerry (Peck). Jerry additionally begins to feel that he is undetectable at school. As he strolls through the hallways, understudies give him a wide billet. No one brushes against him, and folks step out of his way. Jerry accepts that the educators are a piece of the scheme as well. They let their eyes slide over him, looking somewhere else when Jerry attempted to grab their eye. Once, he waved his hand wildly to respond to an inquiry however the educator overlooked him† (Cormier 224). From the start, Jerry feels like somebody is attempting to annihilate him and expel all hints of his reality, however sooner or later he starts to make the most of his nonappearance of character. Jerry unwinds, feel ing as though he no longer must be wary. His sentiments of security, be that as it may, vanish when the understudies drop the brush off act and proceed onward to a much more terrible type of discipline. Buda 4 Often, it is just an issue a period before a protester faces viciousness. Jerry understands that the football field turns into a spot where individuals can mishandle him unmercifully. The athletic office accommodates the testing of people, including each one’s readiness and capacity to withstand physical maltreatment; the football field is a field where savagery is ritualized, endorsed, and even requested (Carter, Harris). At football training one day, Jerry gets violently handled from behind, and he ponders who assaulted him (â€Å"The Chocolate War†). Emile Janza additionally embarks to hurt Jerry and collects a gathering of children for an assault. Emile faces Jerry alone after football training. Emile considers Jerry a pixie, and when Jerry comes back with unrefined comment Emile’s band of children rise up out of their concealing spots to thump Jerry. Emile and Jerry’s fight with one another arrives at its stature when Archie sets them both up to take an interest in an enclosing match front of the whole understudy body. â€Å"The propensity of physical harassing in the school, spoke to by Emile Janza, energizes our desire that the bigger fight will end in a key confrontation† (Peck). Archie spins the battle; he makes a wager that directs the moves of the fight, making it basically outlandish for Jerry to win. Voices overwhelmingly cry from the horde of understudies for Janza to execute his rival. Jerry is separated from everyone else out there, helpless before the understudies who as of late concluded that he was not a progressive by any means, yet rather somebody who viewed himself as superior to them (â€Å"The Chocolate War). Craftsmen, including artists and painters, have perceived and tended to the hardships and confinement of protesters in their works. The tune â€Å"Minority† by the American band Green Day represents an individual’s rebelliousness. The verses â€Å"Stepped out of the line like a sheep runs from the herd† (Metro Lyrics), suggest that an individual is opposing a gathering. The word â€Å"herd† recommends a similar gathering that demonstrations together and along these lines is looted of their Buda 5 distinction. â€Å"A face in the group unrecognized, against the form. In actuality singled out the main way I know† (Metro Lyrics). These verses show the detachment one faces because of rebelliousness. In the event that somebody is â€Å"Marching out of time† (Metro Lyrics), they are transformed into a minority, as clear in Jerry’s situation when understudies treat him as a pariah. The work of art, â€Å"Wake up America† by American craftsman Jon McNaughton represents conflicting with society. The canvas offers a political expression while likewise communicating the possibility of resistance. â€Å"There are a wide range of individuals bound together by a similar issue we as a whole face: our national obligation. Be that as it may, for some odd reason, a great many people don’t even appear to acknowledge what's going on to them† (McNaughton). The individuals in this artistic creation are limited by the national obligation simply like the understudies at Trinity are limited by the chocolate deal. The Trinity understudies do the deal unconscious of its more profound motivation behind keeping authority amassed in the hands of Brother Leon. The work of art proposes that Obama resembles Leon as in Obama gains power from the very obligation that chains American citizens. The man in the closer view sawing off his chain resembles Jerry breaking liberated from the grasp of the chocolate deal. Like Jerry, the man getting away from the gathering will surely confront antagonistic vibe. Indeed, the lady behind him is as of now calling attention to him to the gathering. For most people, fighting a society’s moral and good guidelines eventually ends up being a losing fight. Regardless of whether an individual encourages change among a gathering, it is simply in the wake of confronting various results. â€Å"Jerry’s fight isn't simple for him to do, however he increases another personality through his activities. What this thought becomes in the novel is simply the idea of being valid and facing the malevolent that one sees on the planet. The main character that is genuine Buda 6 to himself in the novel is Jerry †yet at a horrible price† (Peck). People face struggle with the estimations of society or society everywhere because of a thought that they uphold or an activity that they submit. Independence might be portrayed as the cognizance of the person with regards to what he is and how he

Living in the Grey Challenging All-or-nothing Thinking

Living in the Grey Challenging All-or-nothing Thinking Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Living in the Grey How to Challenge All-or-nothing Thinking By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Updated on June 15, 2018 Christos Georghiou | Dreamstime.com More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention All-or-nothing thinking sometimes referred to as black-and-white thinking or dichotomous thinking, is one of the most common types of cognitive dysfunctions observed in patients with  eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. In Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (1980), David Burns identified ten different types of cognitive distortions or inaccurate and problematic ways of viewing oneself and the world. Cognitive distortions may lead to negative emotions and problematic behaviors. For this reason, they are a primary target of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Some of the most common examples of all-or-nothing thinking in patients with eating disorders are creating a rigid dichotomy of good versus bad foods (and avoidance of those foods on the bad food list) and defining eating behavior as either good or bad. Let’s look at how this type of thinking may cause problems, such as binge eating, for a patient with an eating disorder. Jane: Good foods vs. bad foods Jane has a food rule that she doesn’t eat candy because it is a “bad food.” Jane gets a surprise delivery for Valentine’s Day: of a box of chocolates. Jane believes that chocolate is forbidden, but she decides just this once, to indulge. She has one chocolate, and then another. It is so enticing partially because she is normally not allowed to eat chocolate. After two pieces of chocolate, Jane feels upset with herself. She knows she has broken her food rule â€" she’s “been bad.” Then Jane thinks, “Oh well, I’ve already blown it, I might as well give up and eat more of them.” She might even think, “I’d better finish the box because then they won’t be here to tempt me tomorrow. I will go back to being good on my diet tomorrow.” Sound familiar? Jim: good eating behavior vs. bad eating behavior Jim often goes out for a burger with his friends from work. When he does, he either gets a green salad (when he is dieting and being “good”), or he has a double cheeseburger, fries, and a shake (when he is not dieting). He notices that when he is dieting and has only the green salad while all his buddies eat burgers, he ends up feeling sad and deprived and sometimes goes home and binge eats ice cream. On the other hand, at the times he eats the double cheeseburger, fries, and shake, he feels ill and berates himself for eating unhealthy. Either way, his rules leave him feeling distressed. Learning to live in the grey Recovery from an eating disorder involves learning to think and live in shades of grey. Living in the grey area means accepting that all foods in moderation can be part of a balanced and healthy diet. It means learning to incorporate fear foods. It means eating in a way that is flexible enough to be sustainable. It means embracing ambiguity. What would this look like for Jane and Jim? Jane could work on relaxing her rigid rule about chocolate being “bad” and working towards all foods being morally neutral. She can acknowledge that different foods have different nutritional values, but all can be included in a balanced diet. Once all foods are permitted, it will become easier to stop after a normal portion and she won’t have to face the distress of breaking a rule. She can learn to have a few pieces of chocolate and enjoy them. Jim could learn that he doesn’t have to vacillate between restricting or overindulging when he is out to eat with his friends. If he wants to have a cheeseburger, he can have a single cheeseburger with a side salad. This way he will likely not feel deprived but will be able to enjoy a more balanced and satisfying meal. He will ultimately be relieved of the shame of binge eating. A Word from Verywell Challenging all-or-nothing thinking can be scary, but it is an important element of recovery. It is important to note that addressing dysfunctional thoughts such as all-or-nothing thinking is but one element of cognitive-behavioral therapy, a leading evidence-based treatment for eating disorders. If you or a loved one is experiencing an eating disorder please reach out for help. Trained eating disorder professionals can help you develop more balanced thinking and healthy eating behaviors. Source Burns, David, 1980, Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy.

Whole Foods Case Study - 275 Words

Whole Foods (Case Study Sample) Content: Whole FoodsName:Institution:Date:Whole foods Market Supermarkets comprises of a chain of supermarkets that was established in 1978 as a counterculture food store. According to Mackey, one of the supermarket owners the store was established for the purposes. These are having fun, making money, and contributing to the well-being of other people in society. The company takes a stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s approach, and its mission is geared towards the satisfaction of the stakeholders (Halligan Shah, 2014).According to the stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ approach, the decision-making process needs to satisfy all the stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ interests, and this includes all the employees, should act as a guide for the decision-making process (Nam, 2012). Therefore, Whole foods market supermarket in this regards considers its employees as stakeholders in the company. It refers to its employees as team members and that the company places its employees by supporting them in every to deve lop as grow into whole people (Halligan Shah, 2014). Through this emphasis on the growth of its employees, they promote initiative from them. They, therefore, allow them to experiment with new approaches for serving and satisfying the customers who according to Mackey are the top stakeholders (Halligan Shah, 2014)Through this freedom to initiate better methods of service, the employees as stakeholders become self-actualized and self-fulfilled. They in turn develop an urge to improve the well-being of the supermarketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s sta...

Enron Scandal - 1844 Words

THE ENRON SCANDAL FACTS OF THE CASE Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. Enron s predecessor was the Northern Natural Gas Company, which was formed during 1932, in Omaha, Nebraska. It was reorganized during 1979 as the main subsidiary of a holding company, Inter-North which was a diversified energy and energy related products company. During 1985, it bought the smaller and less diversified Houston Natural Gas company. Employed approximately 20,000 staff One of the world s major electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and paper companies. Revenues of nearly $40.1 billion. Enron was almost universally considered one of the country s most innovative†¦show more content†¦PROBLEMS OF THE CASE 1. The need for significant reforms in accounting and corporate governance in the United States, as well as for a close look at the ethical quality of the culture of business generally and of business corporations in the United States. 2. A private company like Enron currently hires and pays its own auditors. This again is a conflict of interest built into our legal system because the auditor has an incentive not to issue an unfavorable report on the company that is paying him or her. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONS 1. Current laws and SEC regulations must not allow firms like Arthur Andersen to provide consulting services to a company and then turn around and provide the audited report about the financial results of these consulting activities. 2. And if the first ACA is not applicable, the company should have better financial disclosure mechanisms. Expense claims should be processed properly with an allocated time to properly check the finances and expenses. 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